Coastal Erosion and Landforms

The video explains the formation of coastal features on headlands, focusing on the processes of wave refraction and erosion. It describes how waves attack both sides of a headland, leading to the formation of caves, which eventually become arches. Over time, the arches collapse to form stacks, which are further eroded into stumps. The video also discusses the retreat of the coastline as these processes continue.

What is a headland primarily composed of?

• Soft sediment

• Hard rock

• Coral reefs

• Sand dunes

How do waves affect both sides of a headland?

• They pass over the headland

• They refract and hit both sides

• They create a whirlpool

• They only hit one side

What initial feature forms on both sides of a headland due to wave action?

• A cliff

• A stump

• A cave

• A stack

What structure is formed when two caves meet in the middle?

• A cliff

• An arch

• A stump

• A stack

What process weakens the top of an arch, leading to its collapse?

• Hydraulic action

• Volcanic eruption

• Sub-aerial weathering

• Tectonic activity

What remains after the top of an arch collapses?

• A cave

• A stack

• A stump

• A headland

What happens to a stack over time due to erosion?

• It turns into a stump

• It grows taller

• It becomes a headland

• It becomes a cave

What term describes the backward movement of the coastline?

• Advancement

• Stabilization

• Retreat

• Expansion

What is the final form of a stack after extensive erosion?

• A headland

• An arch

• A stump

• A cave

What is the ongoing process that continuously shapes coastal features?

• Compaction

• Deposition

• Erosion

• Sedimentation