Management Ch. 3

What are programmed decisions?

• Decisions that are new and complex with no proven answers.

• Decisions encountered and made before, having objectively correct answers.

• Decisions that require creative thinking and innovation.

• Decisions that are always made by top management.

What characterizes nonprogrammed decisions?

• They are routine and repetitive.

• They have objectively correct answers.

• They are new, novel, and complex with no proven answers.

• They are always based on numerical computations.

What is the state called when decision makers have accurate and comprehensive information?

• Uncertainty

• Certainty

• Ambiguity

• Confusion

What is the state called when decision makers have insufficient information?

• Certainty

• Clarity

• Uncertainty

• Assurance

What is the definition of risk according to the document?

• The state that exists when the probability of success is 100 percent.

• The state that exists when the probability of success is less than 100 percent and losses may occur.

• The state that exists when there is no chance of loss.

• The state that exists when success is guaranteed.

What is conflict as defined in the learning material?

• A harmonious agreement between individuals or groups.

• Opposing pressures from different sources, occurring on the level of psychological conflict or of conflict between individuals or groups.

• A situation where everyone agrees on a decision.

• A peaceful resolution of differences.

What is the first step in identifying and diagnosing a problem according to the document?

• Implementing a solution

• Recognizing a gap between the current and desired state

• Evaluating the outcomes

• Gathering feedback from stakeholders

What should be diagnosed in the first phase of problem identification?

• The potential solutions

• The reason for the performance gap

• The resources available

• The stakeholder interests

What question should be asked to identify opportunities in the first phase?

• Is there a budget for this project?

• Is there an opportunity that can be exploited?

• Are there enough resources?

• Is the timeline feasible?

What are ready-made solutions?

• Ideas that have been seen or tried before.

• New, creative solutions designed specifically for the problem.

• Solutions that are impossible to implement.

• Solutions that are only theoretical.