Final Exam Neuroscience 2023/2024

A patient is brought to the ER following a motor vehicle accident. On examination he has weakness on both arms and legs, dominantly in the upper extremities. He also complained for urinating difficulty. This clinical picture is most consistent with:

• A right spinal cord hemisection syndrome

• A left spinal cord hemisection syndrome

• A complete cord syndrome

• A central cord syndrome

• An anterior spinal cord syndrome

A 25-year-old man has a history of episodes of extreme irritability, impulsivity, and reckless behavior. He also experiences periods of elevated mood and grandiosity. What is the probable diagnosis?

• Schizophrenia

• Major Depressive Disorder

• Panic Disorder

• Bipolar Disorder

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A 65-year-old woman suddenly felt on the floor. The CT scan figures showed a hemorrhage in occipital brain area. Which vessel is the most responsible to those area?

• Vertebral a

• Meningeal a

• Anterior cerebral a

• Medial cerebral a

• Posterior cerebral a

A 25-year-old man with numbness and tingling of the little and ring finger, weakness and wasting of the dorsal interossei and abductor digiti minimi, sensory disturbance over the little and ring finger. Which of the following site of peripheral nerve lesion for this condition?

• Radial nerve

• Median nerve

• Brachial plexus

• Ulnar Nerve

• Common peroneal nerve

Mrs. Pamela, 78 years old, was brought to neurology clinic by her son because he noticed that patient had problems with her memory, particularly short term memory loss, with patient not being able to remember the task she was doing at a time since 1 year ago. She forgot where she kept her purse and eyeglasses. Sometimes she also found difficulty to remember way back home from the market that she regularly visited every week. She could not do her daily activities on her own, such as eating, taking bath, and dressing. The patient had no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or previous stroke event. She is diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. Classical conditioning is an example of:

• Semantic memory

• Episodic memory

• Declarative memory

• Nonassociative memory

• Implicit memory

A 4-year-old boy is brought to a pediatrician by his parents due to concerns about his behavior and development. The child avoids eye contact, rarely responds to his name, and seems disinterested in interacting with other children. He has a strong preference for routines and becomes distressed if there are changes in his daily schedule. The boy often engages in repetitive behaviors, such as repeatedly lining up toys or flapping his hands. He does not engage in imaginative play and does not seem to understand or use gestures like pointing. His parents also note that he is particularly sensitive to certain sensory stimuli, becoming overwhelmed by loud noises and bright lights. What is the most likely diagnosis for this child?

• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• Conduct Disorder

• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Specific Learning Disorder

70-year-old man is found fall on the ground because he is suddenly paralyzed his right upper and lower limb and not understand the spoken word (receptive aphasia). Which of the following Broadman area was most likely directly affected?

• Primary auditor

• Wernicke ‘s area

• Broca’s area

• Primary visual

• Temporal gyrus

You are able to pull your hand quickly away from hot water before pain is felt because:

• The brain reacts quickly to prevent severe injury

• Movement of the hand is a reflex that involves intervention of the spinal cord only

• The autonomic division of the peripheral nervous system intervenes to speed contraction of the muscles of the hand

• Movement of the hand does not require intervention by the peripheral nervous system

• Movement of the hand does not require intervention by the central nervous system

A 17-year-old male patient came to the Emergency Department of Siloam Hospitals with chief complaint having seizures for 1 minute. While having seizures, patient was unconscious, both legs and arms were stiff and twitched, his head and eyes faced upwards. After the seizure, he regained conscious again. This was his first seizure in his life. What is the basic pathophysiology of a seizure to happen?

• Too few GABA neurotransmitter in the brain

• Too many GABA neurotransmitter in the brain

• Too few excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain

• Too many dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain

• Too few dopamine neurotransmitters in the brain

A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency unit with a high fever, lethargy, and a stiff neck. Based on the history taking, physical examination, lumbar puncture, and laboratory analysis that indicated bacterial growth in the cerebrospinal fluid, the attending physician suspect infection of central nervous system. Embryological structure that has the greater possibility involved in the above case is the derivative of mesenchyme surrounding:

• Neural tube (tubulus neuralis)

• Rhombencephalon

• The brain vesicles (vesiculae cerebri)

• Mesencephalon

• Anterior neuropore (neuroporus anterior)