Formative assessments are for learning, while summative assessments are of learning.

Formative assessments are used only by teachers, while summative assessments are used by students.

Formative assessments occur after learning, while summative assessments occur during learning.

Formative assessments are final tests, while summative assessments are ongoing processes.

Athletes compete in the Olympics to showcase their skills.

Athletes use feedback during practice to improve, similar to formative assessment.

Athletes only rely on their coaches for improvement.

Athletes do not need to evaluate their performance.

They are always in the form of quizzes.

They are used to sum up students' learning.

They inform next steps for students and teachers.

They are only used at the end of a term.

Summarizing student performance

Clarifying intended learning

Taking action

Interpreting evidence

To compare students with each other

To make informed decisions about next steps

To prepare students for exams

To create a competitive environment