Lecture 1

is the most important part of society, a  sphere of human activity, the function of which is  the development and theoretical systematization of  objective data about reality.

is its key  element. In scientific cognitive activity, the  subject is the individual (scientist), the  scientific team and the scientific  community.

is to identify the laws, in accordance with which objects can be transformed in human activity into a product necessary for society.

is what a given science or scientific discipline studies. In other words, this is everything that the researcher's thought is directed at, everything that can be described, perceived, named, expressed in thinking, etc.

The form development of existence and development of science is

is an activity aimed at a comprehensive study of an object, process or phenomenon, their structure and relationships, as well as obtaining and putting into practice useful results for a person.

is classified according to various bases

is an experimental or theoretical activity aimed at obtaining new knowledge about the basic laws of the structure, functioning and development of a person, society, and the environment.

is research aimed primarily at applying new knowledge to achieve practical goals and solve specific problems.

is called scientific research aimed at determining the prospects of working on a topic, finding ways to solve scientific problems.