Histology of Nervous Tissue

Discuss histological structure of synapses

Answer explanation

Synapses consist of presynaptic terminals, synaptic clefts, and postsynaptic membranes. They contain neurotransmitter vesicles, receptors, and various proteins that facilitate signal transmission and communication between neurons.

Describe histological structure & functions of neuroglial cells.

Answer explanation

Neuroglial cells, or glia, support neurons structurally and functionally. They include astrocytes (nutrient supply), oligodendrocytes (myelin formation), and microglia (immune defense), playing crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis and protecting the nervous system.

What are the functions of astrocytes?

• Metabolic exchange

• Blood-brain barrier

• Structural support

• Repair processes

Answer explanation

Astrocytes perform several vital functions: they facilitate metabolic exchange between neurons and blood, maintain the blood-brain barrier, provide structural support to neurons, and are involved in repair processes following injury.

What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?

• Myelin production

• Electric insulation

Answer explanation

Oligodendrocytes are crucial for myelin production, which forms a protective sheath around nerve fibers. This myelin acts as electric insulation, enhancing the speed and efficiency of electrical signal transmission in the nervous system.

What is the main function of microglia?

Answer explanation

The main function of microglia is to act as the brain's immune cells, providing defense against pathogens, clearing debris, and maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system.

What is the role of Schwann cells?

• Myelin production

• Electric insulation

• Regeneration

Answer explanation

Schwann cells are crucial for myelin production, which insulates nerve fibers, enhancing signal transmission. They also play a vital role in the regeneration of damaged peripheral nerves, supporting recovery and repair.

What do ependymal cells line?

Answer explanation

Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. They play a crucial role in producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord.