Latin American Revolutions

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A person of European descent born in Latin America and living there permanently.

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creoles

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Spanish or Portuguese official in Latin America for gain, then returned to Europe.

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peninsulares

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Native peoples of Latin America before Europeans

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indigenous peoples

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A person of mixed European and Native American descent

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mestizos

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Formerly Saint Domingue, this French sugar colony was the first independent nation in Latin America, resulting from a successful slave rebellion.

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Haiti

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Led the only long-term successful slave rebellion in Latin America

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Toussaint-Louverture

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First leader of Mexican Independence, a parish priest who urged mestizos and natives to rise against Spain.

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Miguel Hidalgo

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Led revolts for the independence of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador; a South American country is named after him.

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Simon Bolivar

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Led revolts for independence of Argentina, Chile, and Peru.

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Jose de San Martin

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Nations opposing European intervention in Latin America:

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The USA and Great Britain