PS3-4

A student is in a room that has an air temperature of 25°C (77°F). Before pouring cold water into a glass, they notice that the ice in the pitcher is melting. What would be the best way for the student to describe how thermal energy is being transferred?

• Heat moves from the ice to the water.

• Cold moves from the ice into the water.

• Heat moves from the air into the water.

• Cold moves from the water into the room.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Mark collected and graphed data on water temperature change over time. In what segment of his graph does the water have the lowest kinetic energy?

• 1–2

• 2–3

• 3–4

• 4–5

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?

• His body had more kinetic energy than the water.

• Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.

• The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.

• The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

In an investigation, water in an Erlenmeyer flask is placed on a hot plate. As the water is heated, the warmer, less dense water at the bottom rises and pushes the cooler water at the surface down. What do the arrows in the drawing most likely represent?

• phase changes

• convection currents

• electromagnetic radiation

• energy transfer by conduction

A student used a thermometer to test the air temperature at four points near a lit bulb. They recorded their data in the table. Which best explains why the air closest to the bulb was warmest?

• The bulb was insulated.

• The bulb gave off light.

• The bulb radiated heat.

• The bulb conducted electricity.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which event is an example of conduction?

• Sunlight travels from the Sun to warm Earth.

• Boiling water in a pot warms a spoon inside the pot.

• A fire in a fireplace warms the air in a room.

• Cold water is heated in a microwave oven.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Isabella filled a glass with warm water. She measured the temperature, and it was 30°C. She left the glass on a table in a room that was 20°C. A few hours later, she measured the water temperature again, and it was 24°C. Which best explains why the water temperature changed?

• Energy in the air removed heat from the water.

• Heat energy in the water was destroyed by the glass.

• Heat energy in the water was transferred to the cooler air.

• Energy used by evaporation caused the water temperature to decrease.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Why does heat transfer by convection occur only in fluid materials, such as gases and liquids?

• Convection involves bulk transfer of mass which does not occur in solids.

• Convection occurs when particles collide which can only happen in fluids.

• Convection is caused by particle vibrations but particles are locked into place in solids.

• Convection requires a point source of energy which is only possible in fluids.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

A pot is touching the flame of a gas stove. The water in the pot begins to boil as it heats up. Which of the following best describes the heat transfer through the bottom of the pot?

• radiation

• convection

• conduction

• vaporization

What can be concluded from the following statements about a property of metals? - A cast-iron skillet on a stove is used to fry bacon. - A metal spoon left in a pot of soup heating on a stove is too hot to touch. - An aluminum playground slide gets hot on a summer day.

• Metals conduct heat.

• Metals conduct electricity.

• Metals are good insulators.

• Metals combine with nonmetals.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3