Review CS125

First Generation

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

Introduction of more complex arithmetic and logic units and control units, the use of high- level programming languages

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

Since 1970, semiconductor memory has been through 13 generations: 1k, 4k, 16k, 64k, 256k, 1M, 4M, 16M, 64M, 256M, 1G, 4G, and,8 Gb on a single chip (1k = 210 , 1M = 220 , 1G = 230 ).

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

The basic elements of a digital computer, as we know, must perform data storage, movement, processing, and control functions. Only two fundamental types of components are required: gates and memory cells.

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

The memory consists of 4,096 storage locations, called words, of 40 binary digits (bits) each. Both data and instructions are stored there. Numbers are represented in binary form, and each instruction is a binary code

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

Fundamental design approach is known as the stored-program concept attributed to the mathematician John von Neumann

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

Vacuum Tubes was attributed to who?

• John von Neumann

• Gene Amdahl

• Gordon Moore

Second Generation

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

• Unlike the vacuum tube, which requires wires, metal plates, a glass capsule, and a vacuum, it is a solid-state device, made from silicon introduces more complex arithmetic and logic units and control units and the use of high-level programming languages

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures

Third Generation

• Vacuum Tubes

• Transistors

• Integrated Circuit

• Very Large Scale Integration

• Advanced x86 Architectures