Greek and Roman History Government Review

What type of government did the Greeks develop due to their geography?

• Centralized government

• City-states

• Federal government

• Monarchy

Answer explanation

The Greeks developed city-states due to their mountainous geography, which led to the formation of independent communities. Each city-state, or polis, functioned as its own government, reflecting local needs and cultures.

Which two city-states were major in Greece?

• Rome and Carthage

• Athens and Sparta

• Corinth and Thebes

• Delphi and Olympia

Answer explanation

Athens and Sparta were the two most significant city-states in ancient Greece, known for their contrasting cultures and political systems. Athens was a center of arts and democracy, while Sparta was renowned for its military discipline.

What type of government did Athens create?

• Monarchy

• Oligarchy

• Democracy

• Tyranny

Answer explanation

Athens is known for creating the first known democracy, where citizens participated directly in decision-making. This system allowed for greater public involvement compared to monarchy, oligarchy, or tyranny.

What was Sparta known for?

• Trade and commerce

• Military state and training

• Art and literature

• Philosophy and science

Answer explanation

Sparta was primarily known as a military state, emphasizing rigorous training and discipline among its citizens. Unlike other Greek city-states, Sparta focused on creating a strong army, making military prowess its defining characteristic.

What did the Roman Republic create to ensure equality under the law?

• The Twelve Tables

• The Code of Hammurabi

• The Magna Carta

• The Justinian Code

Answer explanation

The Twelve Tables were the first codification of Roman law, created to ensure that all citizens had access to the same legal standards, promoting equality under the law. This was a foundational step in the development of Roman legal principles.

Who ruled the Roman Empire?

• Consuls

• Senators

• Emperors

• Tribunes

Answer explanation

The Roman Empire was primarily ruled by Emperors, who held supreme authority. While consuls, senators, and tribunes had roles in governance, it was the emperors who were the ultimate rulers of the empire.

What was the role of the Senate in the Roman Empire?

• Military leaders

• Advisors to the emperor

• Religious leaders

• Trade negotiators

Answer explanation

In the Roman Empire, the Senate primarily served as advisors to the emperor, providing counsel on governance and policy. While they had some influence, their power diminished as emperors centralized authority.

What could some conquered people become in the Roman Empire?

• Slaves

• Roman citizens

• Gladiators

• Soldiers

Answer explanation

Some conquered people in the Roman Empire could become Roman citizens, especially if they were granted citizenship as a reward for loyalty or service. This status provided them with legal rights and protections.

Where was the Roman Republic located?

• Iberian Peninsula

• Italian Peninsula

• Balkan Peninsula

• Arabian Peninsula

Answer explanation

The Roman Republic was primarily located on the Italian Peninsula, which is where Rome itself was founded and developed as a powerful state. The other options refer to different regions not associated with the Republic.

In ancient Athens, who could attend the Assembly?

• All citizens

• Only elected officials

• All eligible male citizens

• Only aristocrats

Answer explanation

In ancient Athens, the Assembly was open to all eligible male citizens, allowing them to participate in decision-making. This excluded women, slaves, and non-citizens, making 'All eligible male citizens' the correct choice.