Cell Signaling Quiz

What are the four main processes involved in cell signaling?

• Reception, Transduction, Response, Termination

• Reception, Translation, Amplification, Termination

• Reception, Transcription, Response, Amplification

• Reception, Transduction, Amplification, Termination

What are the four different ways that a cell can send a signal?

• Direct contact, Paracrine, Endocrine, Synaptic

• Direct contact, Paracrine, Autocrine, Synaptic

• Direct contact, Endocrine, Autocrine, Synaptic

• Direct contact, Paracrine, Endocrine, Autocrine

How are endocrine and paracrine regulation different from one another?

• Endocrine uses hormones, Paracrine uses neurotransmitters

• Endocrine is long-distance, Paracrine is local

• Endocrine is local, Paracrine is long-distance

• Endocrine uses enzymes, Paracrine uses hormones

Where does a hydrophilic ligand bind?

• Inside the cell

• On the cell surface

• In the nucleus

• In the cytoplasm

What are some reasons why signal reception is highly selective?

• Receptors are specific to ligands

• Receptors are non-specific

• Receptors are always active

• Receptors are located everywhere

What is the difference between receptor up-regulation and receptor down-regulation?

• Up-regulation increases receptor numbers, Down-regulation decreases them

• Up-regulation decreases receptor numbers, Down-regulation increases them

• Up-regulation activates receptors, Down-regulation deactivates them

• Up-regulation deactivates receptors, Down-regulation activates them

What are the three main types of surface receptors?

• Ion channel-linked, G protein-linked, Enzyme-linked

• Ion channel-linked, Hormone-linked, Enzyme-linked

• Ion channel-linked, Protein-linked, Enzyme-linked

• Ion channel-linked, G protein-linked, Hormone-linked

Where in the cell do intracellular signal receptors reside?

• On the cell membrane

• In the cytoplasm or nucleus

• In the mitochondria

• On the ribosomes

How does a protein kinase cascade work?

• By activating a series of proteins through phosphorylation

• By deactivating proteins through dephosphorylation

• By binding directly to DNA

• By breaking down proteins

What is cyclic AMP’s role in signal transduction?

• It acts as a second messenger

• It acts as a primary messenger

• It acts as a receptor

• It acts as a ligand