Exploring Organic Chemistry Concepts

What is the general formula for alkanes?

• C2nH2n

• C(n-1)H(2n-2)

• CnH2n

• CnH(2n+2)

Define the term 'functional group' in organic chemistry.

• A functional group is a specific group of atoms in a molecule that determines its chemical properties and reactions.

• A functional group is a category of organic compounds based on their molecular weight.

• A functional group is a molecule that has no effect on chemical reactions.

• A functional group is a type of chemical bond between two atoms.

What is the difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers?

• Structural isomers differ in connectivity; stereoisomers differ in spatial arrangement.

• Structural isomers are always cyclic; stereoisomers are always acyclic.

• Structural isomers have the same molecular formula; stereoisomers have different molecular formulas.

• Structural isomers are a type of stereoisomer; stereoisomers are a type of structural isomer.

Describe the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution in haloalkanes.

• SN1 and SN2 mechanisms are only applicable to alcohols, not haloalkanes.

• Nucleophilic substitution results in the formation of a stable haloalkane without any nucleophile involvement.

• Nucleophilic substitution involves the addition of a halogen to the haloalkane.

• Nucleophilic substitution in haloalkanes occurs through SN1 or SN2 mechanisms, involving the attack of a nucleophile and the departure of a halogen.

How do you name a compound using the IUPAC naming system?

• Combine the names of all elements in alphabetical order

• Use the molecular weight to determine the name

• Identify the longest chain, number it, name substituents, and combine names.

• Count the number of atoms in the compound

What is the general formula for alkenes?

• C_nH_(2n)

• C_nH_(2n-2)

• C_nH_(2n+1)

• C_nH_(2n+2)

List three common functional groups found in organic compounds.

• Ketone

• Phosphate

• Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Amino

• Ester

Explain the concept of geometric isomerism with an example.

• An example of geometric isomerism is ethanol, which has a cis and trans form.

• Geometric isomerism is the same as optical isomerism.

• Geometric isomerism only occurs in cyclic compounds.

• An example of geometric isomerism is 2-butene, which has a cis isomer (where the two methyl groups are on the same side) and a trans isomer (where the methyl groups are on opposite sides).

What are haloalkanes and how are they classified?

• Haloalkanes are formed by adding hydrogen to alkenes.

• Haloalkanes are inorganic compounds with no carbon structure.

• Haloalkanes are organic compounds formed by replacing hydrogen in alkanes with halogens, classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the carbon structure.

• Haloalkanes are classified based on their boiling points only.

Identify the type of isomerism present in butane and isobutane.

• Geometric isomerism

• Functional isomerism

• Optical isomerism

• Structural isomerism