Understanding Thermal Energy Transfer

What is conduction and how does it occur in solids?

• Conduction is the movement of electrons in a vacuum.

• Conduction occurs only in gases and not in solids.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through radiation in liquids.

• Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact in solids.

Describe how thermal energy travels through liquids by conduction.

• Thermal energy moves through liquids by creating a vacuum that pulls energy along.

• Thermal energy travels through liquids by radiation without any molecular interaction.

• Thermal energy is transferred in liquids primarily through convection currents.

• Thermal energy travels through liquids by conduction through molecular collisions that transfer kinetic energy.

Explain the role of particles in the conduction process.

• Particles move freely without affecting heat flow.

• Particles only conduct electricity, not heat.

• Particles transfer thermal energy through collisions, enabling heat conduction.

• Particles absorb thermal energy without transferring it.

What is convection and how does it occur in liquids and gases?

• Convection is the process of heat transfer through radiation.

• Convection only occurs in solids and not in fluids.

• Convection is the transfer of heat in liquids and gases through the movement of the fluid itself.

• Convection is the transfer of heat through solid materials.

How does expanding matter relate to convection?

• Expanding matter increases temperature but does not affect convection.

• Convection occurs only in liquids and not in gases or solids.

• Expanding matter causes density differences that drive convection currents.

• Density differences have no impact on the movement of matter.

What happens to the density of a liquid when it is heated?

• The density of a liquid increases when it is heated.

• The density of a liquid remains the same when it is heated.

• The density of a liquid fluctuates randomly when it is heated.

• The density of a liquid decreases when it is heated.

Explain how thermal energy can be transferred without particles.

• Thermal energy is transferred through radiation.

• Thermal energy is transferred via chemical reactions.

• Thermal energy is transferred through conduction.

• Thermal energy is transferred by convection currents.

What is radiation in the context of thermal energy transfer?

• Radiation is the process of thermal energy being absorbed by solid objects.

• Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through electromagnetic waves.

• Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy through conduction.

• Radiation is the movement of thermal energy through fluids.

Define thermal insulators and their purpose.

• Thermal insulators are used to increase energy loss in buildings.

• Thermal insulators are substances that generate heat when exposed to cold.

• Thermal insulators are materials that resist heat transfer, used to maintain temperature and reduce energy loss.

• Thermal insulators are materials that conduct heat efficiently.

Give examples of materials that are good thermal insulators.

• Copper, Aluminum, Steel

• Water, Air, Oil

• Styrofoam, Fiberglass, Mineral wool, Cellulose, Polyurethane foam

• Glass, Concrete, Brick