What does the Greek word 'arete' translate to in English?

• deficiency

• virtue or excellence

• failure

• mediocrity

How did the Greeks define a virtuous person?

• A virtuous person is one who seeks pleasure above all else.

• A virtuous person is someone who follows the laws without question.

• A virtuous person is one who embodies 'arete', acts according to reason, and fulfills their potential.

• A virtuous person is defined by their wealth and status in society.

What role did virtue play in the political ethics of ancient Rome?

• Virtue played a crucial role in promoting moral integrity and civic responsibility among leaders in ancient Rome.

• Virtue was irrelevant to political decisions in ancient Rome.

• Virtue was seen as a hindrance to effective governance in ancient Rome.

• Virtue was only important for military leaders, not politicians.

Can you name a historical figure from ancient Greece known for their virtue?

• Plato

• Socrates

• Homer

• Aristotle

What is the significance of civic duty in Roman political thought?

• Civic duty was only relevant to the military and not to governance.

• Civic duty had little impact on the structure of the Roman Empire.

• Civic duty was crucial for maintaining the Roman Republic and ensuring active citizen participation in governance.

• Civic duty was primarily focused on individual wealth accumulation.

How did the concept of the common good influence governance in ancient societies?

• Governance was based on military strength rather than community welfare.

• The common good was ignored in governance, focusing solely on individual wealth.

• Laws were created to benefit only the ruling class, not the community.

• The common good influenced governance by prioritizing community welfare, shaping laws and policies for collective benefit.

What are some modern political systems that have been influenced by ancient Greek and Roman ethics?

• Theocracies

• Monarchies

• Liberal democracies, constitutional republics, participatory democracies

• Feudal systems

In what ways did the responsibilities of rulers differ from those of citizens in ancient Rome?

• Rulers were responsible for farming, while citizens engaged in trade.

• Rulers governed and made laws, while citizens participated in civic duties and contributed to the state.

• Citizens enforced laws, while rulers participated in public festivals.

• Rulers collected taxes, while citizens were exempt from any duties.

How did the emphasis on justice shape the legal systems of ancient Greece?

• Legal systems were solely based on the whims of rulers without citizen involvement.

• Justice was not a significant factor in ancient Greek legal systems.

• The emphasis on justice shaped the legal systems of ancient Greece by promoting fairness, establishing courts, codifying laws, and involving citizens in the legal process.

• Courts were established primarily for resolving economic disputes rather than justice.

What lessons can contemporary societies learn from the political ethics of ancient Rome and Greece?

• Civic virtue, public debate, and checks and balances in governance.

• Populism, demagoguery, and authoritarianism.

• Isolationism, feudalism, and hereditary rule.

• Absolute monarchy, censorship, and divine right of kings.