AP Perception & Thinking/Problem Solving

  Dr. Mendoza is studying the mental strategies people use when solving problems. Dr. Mendoza is clearly a(n): 

• Cognitive psychologist
• Experimental psychologist
• Organizational psychologist
• Developmental psychologist

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 

• functional fixedness.
• the availability heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:

• framing.
• belief bias.
• representativeness heuristics.
• confirmation bias.

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Inability to perceive a new use for an object associated with a different purpose

• Mental set
• Functional Fixedness
• Bias

A rule of thumb

• Schema
• Script
• Algorithm
• Heuristic

Problem-solving procedures or formulas that guarantee a correct outcome

• Schema
• Script
• Algorithm
• Heuristic

A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances of the event are available in memory is called the:

• Availability heuristic
• Availability algorithm
• Representativeness heuristic
• Representativeness algorithm

A dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients, their amounts and the steps to follow is an example of a(n):

• Prototype
• Algorithm
• Heuristic
• Mental set

A prototype is a:

• Step-by-step procedure for solving problems
• Mental grouping of similar objects, events or people
• Best example of a particular category
• Simple thinking strategy for solving problems efficiently