Cognitive Psychology Exam 1 Review Pt. 1

What did the level of processing demonstration/experiment from the lecture in which participants studied a list of words showcase?

• Learning words at a deep level along with knowing about the test ahead of time resulted in the most optimal performance.

• Shallow and deep learning resulted in similar performance, regardless of knowing if there was a test ahead of time.

• Learning words at a deep level resulted in optimal performance regardless of knowing whether there was going to be a test.

• Knowledge of an impending test was the only important factor impacting performance on the memory test.

All of the following FALSE except which?

• Physically highlighting concepts leads to better memory performance.

• Reading over notes is effective but highlighting is not.

• Reading over notes in tandem with highlighting is more effective than either one alone.

• Neither reading over notes nor highlighting concepts is particularly effective for memory.

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to lead to better memory retention during a test conducted in a new context (Context C)?

• Studying twice in Context A and then being tested in Context C.

• Studying in Context A, then in Context B, and then being tested in Context C.

• Studying twice in Context B and then being tested in Context A.

• Context does not have an effect on memory retention.

Mark is trying to organize the best method to study for his upcoming finals. He has formulated four study plans. Which of the following will result in the most effective approach?

• Studying each subject individually for a whole day weighted towards the end of the semester.

• Studying a little bit of each subject each day weighted towards the end of the semester.

• Studying each subject individually a whole day throughout the semester.

• Studying a little bit of each subject each day throughout the semester.

The "generation effect" in learning refers to:

• The benefit of rereading material multiple times.

• The long-term benefit of creating answers.

• The advantage of using mnemonic devices.

• The process of using flashcards and self-testing.

Which of the following study techniques is NOT considered a "desirable difficulty"?

• Varying the conditions of practice.

• Interleaving instruction on different topics.

• Cramming all study sessions in one day.

• Spacing study sessions over time.

Which of the following strategies is recommended by Putnam to enhance classroom learning?

• Typing notes during lectures to ensure one gets all the information recorded.

• Writing notes by hand to encourage deeper processing.

• Skipping material you already feel you know well to prioritize other material.

• Multi-tasking to introduce a desirable difficulty to ensure you learn the material better.

Which of the following is TRUE, according to the Putnam article?

• Studying material in mass helps to build the memory stronger.

• Attempting to answer questions about material before studying it helps in retention.

• What one feels they know is often what they actually know.

• Classes over redundant material can safely be skipped.

What is the main challenge for cognitive psychology?

• Lack of modern technology

• Difficulty in observing mental processes directly

• Inability to measure behavior

• Lack of interest in human cognition

Which of the following individuals is associated with introspectionism?

• William James

• John Dewey

• B.F. Skinner

• Wilhelm Wundt