Physical Science| Midterm Practice 1

What term describes a possible explanation that must be tested through experiments?

• Hypothesis

• Theory

• Law

• Principle

Answer explanation

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation that can be tested through experiments. Unlike a theory or law, which are well-established, a hypothesis is an initial idea that requires validation.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

After forming a hypothesis, what should be the next step in the scientific method?

• Draw a conclusion

• Conduct an experiment

• Report findings

• Analyze data

Answer explanation

After forming a hypothesis, the next step in the scientific method is to conduct an experiment. This allows you to test the hypothesis and gather data to support or refute it.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Match the term with its description: Experimental group

• The group that receives the variable being tested

• The group that does not receive the variable being tested

• The variable that is changed or controlled

• The variable that is measured

Answer explanation

The experimental group is defined as the group that receives the variable being tested. This allows researchers to observe the effects of the variable, distinguishing it from the control group, which does not receive the variable.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Match the term with its description: Control group

• The group that receives the variable being tested

• The group that does not receive the variable being tested

• The variable that is changed or controlled

• The variable that is measured

Answer explanation

The control group is essential in experiments as it does not receive the variable being tested, allowing researchers to compare results against the experimental group that does receive the variable.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Match the term with its description: Independent variable

• The group that receives the variable being tested

• The group that does not receive the variable being tested

• The variable that is changed or controlled

• The variable that is measured

Answer explanation

The independent variable is the one that is changed or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable. This distinguishes it from the groups that receive or do not receive the variable.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Match the term with its description: Dependent variable

• The group that receives the variable being tested

• The group that does not receive the variable being tested

• The variable that is changed or controlled

• The variable that is measured

Answer explanation

The dependent variable is the one that is measured in an experiment. It responds to changes in the independent variable, which is manipulated by the researcher. Thus, the correct choice is 'The variable that is measured'.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

After conducting an experiment, what is the next logical step?

• Adjust the hypothesis

• Publish the results

• Determine if the results support the hypothesis

• Repeat the experiment

Answer explanation

After conducting an experiment, the next logical step is to determine if the results support the hypothesis. This evaluation helps to understand the validity of the hypothesis before considering further actions.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Why is peer review important in science?

• To gain popularity

• To ensure the accuracy and validity of results

• To increase funding

• To meet publication deadlines

Answer explanation

Peer review is crucial in science as it helps ensure the accuracy and validity of results. This process allows experts to evaluate research methods and findings, enhancing the reliability of published work.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

Define "Theory" in your own words.

• A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world

• A guess or assumption

• A mathematical formula

• A scientific law

Answer explanation

A theory is not just a guess; it is a well-substantiated explanation based on evidence and observations about the natural world, distinguishing it from mere assumptions or mathematical formulas.

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DOK Level 1: Recall

What is the standard measurement system used by scientists?

• Imperial System

• Metric System

• Customary System

• English System

Answer explanation

The Metric System is the standard measurement system used by scientists due to its universal acceptance and ease of conversion. It is based on powers of ten, making calculations simpler compared to the Imperial or Customary Systems.

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DOK Level 1: Recall