Mitochondrial Function and Structure

Mitochondria are crucial organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for ATP production. Proteins are transported into mitochondria via translocator complexes, with some residing in the intermembrane space. The matrix contains enzymes for cellular respiration, and cristae house protein complexes for electron transport. This process creates a proton-motive force, driving ATP synthesis. Mitochondria are strategically located in cells and can change shape, impacting cell death processes.

What is the primary role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• To store genetic information

• To transport nutrients

• To produce ATP

• To synthesize proteins

How are most mitochondrial proteins transported into mitochondria?

• By active transport

• Using specialized protein translocator complexes

• Via direct diffusion

• Through vesicles

What happens to many proteins after entering the inner membrane translocator?

• They are completely transported across the membrane

• They are exported back to the cytosol

• They are released into the membrane and diffuse laterally

• They are degraded

What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?

• To store ATP

• To synthesize lipids

• To house protein complexes for electron transport

• To transport ions

Which complex in the electron transport chain accepts electrons from succinate?

• Complex I

• Complex IV

• Complex II

• Complex III

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

• Water

• Oxygen

• FAD

• NAD+

What drives the rotation of the F0 component of ATP synthase?

• ADP release

• Electron flow

• Proton flow

• ATP binding

How is ATP transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

• By vesicular transport

• Through ion channels

• Via an ATP-ADP carrier

• Through simple diffusion

Where are mitochondria typically located within cells?

• In the cytosol

• Near the nucleus

• Near sites of high ATP demand

• In the cell membrane

What cellular process is associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability?

• Cell division

• Protein synthesis

• Programmed cell death

• DNA replication