Module 2.1a

A pair of friends at a noisy baseball game are able to have a conversation with each other in spite of all the noise around them. Which principle best explains this scenario?

• Bottom-up processing

• The cocktail party effect

• Top-down processing

• Change blindness

Tonya’s psychology teacher played some backwards music to the class, and they were not able to make out any words or phrases in the selection. Then the teacher told them to listen for the words “The rat ate the cat” and played it again. Now most of the class heard the words. Which principle explains this experience?

• Bottom-up processing

• Perceptual set

• Extrasensory perception

• Top-down processing

On a warm summer day, Kimberly tells her brother to put on a suit. Kimberly’s brother knows to put on a swimsuit instead of a business suit because of

• context.

• priming.

• bottom-up processing.

• clairvoyance.

Dr. Jasper conducted a study in which he asked participants to view a video of a cat playing with yarn and told them to count the number of times the cat rolls the yarn. Halfway through the video, two bulldogs walk behind the cat. After the study, Dr. Jasper asks participants to indicate whether they saw the bulldogs in the video, but few participants reported seeing the bulldogs. What is the dependent variable in this study?

• The cocktail party effect

• Perceptual set

• Inattentional blindness

• Bottom-up processing

While teaching his students about perceptual sets, what topic would Dr. Kravstov most want his students to learn?

• Bottom-up processing

• Top-down processing

• Clairvoyance

• Selective attention

After moving to Alabama from Minnesota, Darnesha visited the eye doctor. While sitting in the waiting room, she overheard the receptionist making a call and mistakenly believed that the receptionist said “Sweetie, extra eyes,” rather than “Sweet tea, extra ice.” Which statement is true about this scenario?

• Darnesha was influenced by context effects.

• Darnesha was influenced by the cocktail party effect.

• Darnesha demonstrated inattentional blindness.

• Darnesha demonstrated selective attention.

After 13 weeks, Tran finally noticed the pink clock in the classroom where she took a challenging chemistry class. What concept best explains Tran’s failure to notice the clock?

• Context effects

• Selective attention

• Culture effect

• Schemas