Science S6 Unit 3 Review 2

What are the three main types of rocks?

• Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

• Coal, Sandstone, Slate

• Basalt, Shale, Quartzite

• Granite, Limestone, Clay

How can you identify an igneous rock?

• Igneous rocks are typically soft and easily scratched.

• Igneous rocks are identified by their layered structure.

• Igneous rocks can be recognized by their fossil content.

• Igneous rocks can be identified by their crystalline texture and mineral composition.

Explain the rock cycle in your own words.

• The rock cycle describes how rocks are created and never change after formation.

• The rock cycle is a process where rocks are formed only from volcanic activity.

• The rock cycle is a method of classifying rocks based on their color and size.

• The rock cycle is the process of rocks changing from one type to another through various geological processes.

What is the difference between sedimentary and metamorphic rocks?

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from volcanic activity, while metamorphic rocks are formed from fossils.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed under high pressure, while metamorphic rocks are formed from organic materials.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments, while metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks under heat and pressure.

• Sedimentary rocks are created by cooling magma, while metamorphic rocks are formed from minerals in water.

Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed through the process of metamorphism.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from volcanic activity.

• Sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediments.

• Sedimentary rocks are created by the cooling of magma.

What characteristics do metamorphic rocks have?

• Metamorphic rocks are formed from sedimentary layers.

• Metamorphic rocks have a smooth, glassy texture.

• Metamorphic rocks are always igneous in nature.

• Metamorphic rocks typically have foliation or banding, increased density, and altered mineral composition.

How does soil form from rocks?

• Soil is created from rocks through volcanic activity.

• Soil forms from rocks through weathering and the mixing of rock particles with organic matter.

• Soil forms when rocks are melted into magma.

• Soil is produced by the decomposition of metals in rocks.

What processes lead to the formation of igneous rocks?

• The erosion of sedimentary rocks leads to igneous rock formation.

• Igneous rocks are formed by the compression of organic materials.

• The formation of igneous rocks occurs through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

• The crystallization of minerals in water creates igneous rocks.

List two examples of sedimentary rocks and their features.

• Marble: crystalline structure, primarily composed of calcite;

• 1. Sandstone: gritty texture, composed of sand-sized particles; 2. Limestone: smooth, primarily calcium carbonate, often fossiliferous.

• Granite: coarse-grained, composed of quartz and feldspar;

• Basalt: fine-grained, formed from volcanic lava.

How do weathering and erosion contribute to soil formation?

• Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles, and erosion transports these particles, contributing to soil formation.

• Weathering and erosion are unrelated processes that do not contribute to soil.

• Erosion only occurs in water bodies and does not affect soil formation.

• Weathering creates new rocks while erosion has no effect on soil.