What is top-down processing in cognitive psychology?

A cognitive approach where perception is driven by cognition, using prior knowledge to interpret new information.

A process that starts with incoming stimuli, building up to perception without preconceived notions.

A method of learning a new language by focusing on individual sounds.

A technique used in decision-making to ensure thorough analysis of new information.

Which of the following is an example of bottom-up processing?

Learning a new language by starting with basic sounds and building up to words.

Recognizing a familiar face in a crowd.

Reading a jumbled sentence and understanding it due to context.

Applying existing knowledge to new situations in learning.

How does top-down processing impact decision-making?

It allows for quick judgments based on experience.

It ensures thorough analysis of new information.

It helps in acquiring foundational skills like phonics.

It focuses on individual notes and rhythms before understanding a melody.

What does perceptual set in psychology refer to?

The tendency to perceive information based on expectations and prior knowledge

The ability to perceive information without any biases

The influence of cultural backgrounds on perception

The impact of social context on behavior

How can cultural backgrounds influence perception?

By leading to different interpretations of the same stimuli

By eliminating perceptual biases

By standardizing the way individuals process information

By reducing the impact of personal experiences

What role do personal experiences play in perception?

They create cognitive biases that influence decision-making

They eliminate systematic errors in judgment

They have no impact on how we perceive new situations

They standardize behavior across different social contexts

What does the Gestalt principle of proximity emphasize?

The spatial relationship between elements

What is selective attention?

A cognitive process that allows focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.

The ability to notice all stimuli in an environment.

A phenomenon where changes in a visual scene are easily detected.

The process of remembering all sensory inputs.

Which of the following techniques can help enhance attention in educational settings?

Mindfulness and structured learning environments

Ignoring distractions completely

Focusing on multiple tasks simultaneously

Relying solely on memory retention

What is the role of monocular cues in visual perception?

They help judge depth and distance using one eye.

They require both eyes to perceive depth accurately.

They are not useful in situations where binocular vision is possible.

They are only used for color constancy.

What does retinal disparity allow the brain to do?

Calculate the distance of objects

How does color constancy help in visual perception?

By ensuring colors are perceived consistently under varying lighting conditions

By helping judge depth and distance using one eye

By requiring both eyes to perceive depth accurately

By allowing the brain to calculate the distance of objects

What is size constancy?

The perception of objects as having a constant size despite changes in distance

The ability to perceive colors consistently under varying lighting conditions

The inward movement of the eyes when focusing on a close object

The slight difference in images projected on each retina

What was the main purpose of Gibson and Walk's visual cliff experiment?

To investigate depth perception in infants and young animals

To study the effects of past experiences on perception

To explore cognitive processing in perception

To examine the role of mental interpretation in perception

What did the visual cliff experiment demonstrate about depth perception in infants?

Depth perception is an innate ability

Depth perception is a learned skill

Depth perception requires cognitive processing

Introduction to Perception

Authored by Kellie Pierrot

Social Studies

12th Grade

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What is figure-ground?

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T/F: Figure-ground applies to non-visual fields too.

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What is a perceptual set?

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What are factors of your perceptual set?

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What is the difference between closure, proximity and continuity?

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What is the difference between binocular and monocular cues?

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What is retinal disparity?

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Introduction to Perception

What is figure-ground?

T/F: Figure-ground applies to non-visual fields too.

What is a perceptual set?

What are factors of your perceptual set?

What is the difference between closure, proximity and continuity?

What is the difference between binocular and monocular cues?

What is retinal disparity?

What are examples of monocular cues?

How is the brain 'tricked' when it comes to motion?

BONUS: What adorable, sweet little angel animal was mentioned in the video?

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