Midterm Studyguide

In Medieval Europe who held the most power? Read each question carefully. Pick the best answer for each question.

• Peasants

• Knights

• Nobles

• King/Queen

In Medieval Europe who was at the bottom of the social Pyramid? Read each question carefully. Pick the best answer for each question.

• Knights

• Nobles

In Medieval Europe which group of people were second on the social Pyramid?

• Nobles

• Peasants

• King/Queen

• Knights

Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on?

• The experiences of past civilizations

• Experimentation and observation

• Emotions and feelings

• The teachings of the Catholic Church

Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in...

• Changing the relationship between people and their government.

• Supporting the divine right theory.

• Debating the role of the church in society.

• Promoting increased power for European monarchs.

Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?

• God has chosen all government rulers.

• Independence is built by military might.

• A capitalist economic system is necessary for democracy.

• The power of the government is derived from the consent of the governed.

Use the following quote for the question: "... Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor..." —Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws. In this passage, Montesquieu references

• Separation of powers

• Judicial review

• Checks and balances

• Federalism

The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

• Baron de Montesquieu

• John Locke

• Voltaire

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Under the U.S. Constitution, national and state governments are accountable to the people. This is an example of:

• Economic System

• Taxation

• Federal System

• Bicameral Legislature

The majority of the people in France were in the

• Monarchy

• First estate

• Second estate

• Third estate