Volcanic Phenomena and Hazards

What are stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or fissure?

• Lava Flow

• Ashfall

• Pyroclastic flows

• Lahars

What are showers of airborne fine- to coarse-grained volcanic particles that fall out from the plumes of a volcanic eruption?

• Lava Flow

• Ashfall

• Pyroclastic flows

• Lahars

What are turbulent masses of ejected fragmented volcanic materials mixed with hot gases that flow down slope at very high speeds?

• Lava Flow

• Ashfall

• Pyroclastic flows

• Lahars

What is a rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments and water, usually triggered by intense rainfall during typhoons, monsoons, and thunderstorms?

• Lava Flow

• Ashfall

• Pyroclastic flows

• Lahars

What are volcanic materials directly ejected from the volcano’s vent with force and trajectory?

• Ballistic projectiles

• Volcanic gases

• Tsunami

• Debris avalanche

What are gases and aerosols released into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption?

• Ballistic projectiles

• Volcanic gases

• Tsunami

• Debris avalanche

What are sea waves or wave trains that are generated by sudden displacement of water?

• Ballistic projectiles

• Volcanic gases

• Tsunami

• Debris avalanche

What is a massive collapse of a volcano, usually triggered by an earthquake or volcanic eruption?

• Ballistic projectiles

• Volcanic gases

• Tsunami

• Debris avalanche

What does ground deformation refer to in the context of a volcano?

• Surface changes

• Seismic activity

• Gas emissions

• Visual observations

What is the term for the types and rate of gas emissions from a volcano?

• Ground deformation

• Seismic activity

• Gas emissions

• Visual observations