Unit 2 Cognition

Which of the following describes top down processing?

• The effect that our experiences & expectations have on perception.

• Our tendency to scan a visual field from top to bottom.

• Our inclination to follow a predetermined set of steps to process sound.

• Information is processed by the higher regions of the brain.

Memories are often a blend of correct and incorrect information.

• True

• False

Which of the following is an example of the use of the representativeness heuristic?

• Judging that a young person is more likely to be an instigator of an argument than an older person, because you believe younger people are more likely to start fights.

• Breaking a math story problem down into smaller, representative parts, in order to solve it.

• Judging a situation by a rule that is usually, but not always true.

• Solving a problem with a rule that guarantees the right, more representative answer.

Why is recall more difficult than recognition?

• Memories retrieved by recognition are held in working memory, and recalled memories are in long term memory.

• Memories retrieved by recognition are more deeply processed.

• The process of recall involves cues to the memory that causes interference.

• The process of recognition involves matching a person, event, or object with something already in memory.

Being able to distinguish your teacher from the board illustrates what Gestalt principle?

• proximity

• closure

• continuity

• figure-ground

The capacity for short term memory is about ___ chunks of unrelated acoustically coded information.

• 3

• 5

• 7

• 12

Which of the following illustrates the serial position effect?

• The only name Kenzi remembers from the
  people she met at the party is Spencer because
  she thought he was good looking.

• Kim has trouble remembering information from the book’s first unit when she reviews for semester finals.

• Kyle was not able to remember the names of all of his new co-workers after one week on the job, but he could remember them after two weeks.

• Alice is unable to remember the middle of a list of vocabulary words as well as she remembers the first or last words on the list.

When you listen to a lecture, the information is held in ______ memory until you write it in your notes.

• sensory

• short term

• long term

• procedural

In legal cases, research on the misinformation effect is most often used to cast doubt on which of the following?

• Knowledge of the expert witnesses

• Judgment of jurors

• Memory of eyewitnesses

• Impartiality of judges

Which of the following is an example of anterograde amnesia?

• Halle has no memories of the first 10 years of her life.

• William has lost most memory of the 2 weeks before he had surgery to remove a benign brain tumor.

• Louis can remember his past, but has not been able to form new long term memories since experiencing a brain infection 4 years ago.

• Maddie can’t remember the details of when she was mugged downtown 6 months ago.