What is the required vascular access for patients with acute kidney failure (AKF) and chronic kidney failure (CKF) undergoing hemodialysis?

What is the purpose of temporary hemodialysis vascular access?

What are the types of materials used for hemodialysis catheters?

What is the gold standard for vascular access in patients on chronic hemodialysis?

What are the two most common types of anastomosis for AV fistula?

What is characterized by a complete cessation of blood flow through the venous part of the AF fistula proximal to the AV anastomosis due to a thrombus?

• Thrombosis

• Stenosis

• Aneurysm

• Pseudoaneurysm

What is the most frequent complication caused by the luminal narrowing of the vein?

• Thrombosis

• Stenosis

• Aneurysm

• Hematoma

What is defined as a localized dilation of the vein, usually proximal to the site of stenosis?

• Thrombosis

• Stenosis

• Aneurysm

• Pseudoaneurysm

What does a pseudoaneurysm not contain?

• Vessel wall

• Blood

• Soft tissue

• Thrombus

What most often develops between the venipuncture site and the skin due to inadequate compression after a dialysis session?

• Thrombosis

• Stenosis

• Hematoma

• Aneurysm