Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Quiz

What gene is primarily associated with the initiation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

• BCR-ABL1

• MYC

• SETBP1

• NRAS

Answer explanation

The BCR-ABL1 gene is a fusion gene formed from the Philadelphia chromosome, which is primarily responsible for the initiation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). This gene leads to uncontrolled cell division.

What is the Philadelphia chromosome a result of?

• Reciprocal translocation

• Gene mutation

• Radiation exposure

• Viral infection

Answer explanation

The Philadelphia chromosome results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, leading to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which is associated with certain types of leukemia.

Which protein is synthesized by the BCR-ABL1 hybrid gene?

• p230

• p190

• p210

• p145

Answer explanation

The BCR-ABL1 hybrid gene is known to produce the p210 protein, which is associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The other options, p230, p190, and p145, are related to different fusion proteins or conditions.

What percentage of CML patients typically have the Philadelphia chromosome?

• 70-80%

• 90-95%

• 50-60%

• 30-40%

Answer explanation

The Philadelphia chromosome is found in 90-95% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, making it a key diagnostic marker for the disease. This high percentage distinguishes CML from other leukemias.

In which phase of CML do leukemic stem cells gain the ability to infiltrate other organs?

• Remission phase

• Accelerated phase

• Chronic phase

• Blast phase

Answer explanation

In the blast phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), leukemic stem cells acquire the ability to infiltrate other organs, leading to more aggressive disease and complications.

What is a common symptom of CML related to hyperuricemia?

• Fatigue

• Splenomegaly

• Anemia

• Gout

Answer explanation

Gout is a common symptom of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) related to hyperuricemia, as elevated uric acid levels can lead to the formation of urate crystals, causing joint pain and inflammation.

What is the typical treatment resistance associated with in CML?

• Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

• Radiation therapy

• BCR-ABL1 presence

• Additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs)

Answer explanation

In CML, treatment resistance is often linked to additional chromosomal abnormalities, which can complicate the disease and reduce the effectiveness of therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

What is the main characteristic of the accelerated phase of CML?

• Worsening anemia and thrombocytopenia

• No symptoms

• Stable blood counts

• Complete remission

Answer explanation

In the accelerated phase of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), patients typically experience worsening anemia and thrombocytopenia, indicating a decline in red and platelet cell counts, which is a key characteristic of this phase.

Which mutation is commonly found in BCR-ABL-negative CML?

• JAK2

• BCR-ABL1

• TP53

• SETBP1

Answer explanation

SETBP1 mutations are commonly associated with BCR-ABL-negative chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), distinguishing them from the more prevalent BCR-ABL1 fusion found in typical CML cases.

What is the role of the p210 BCR-ABL1 protein in CML?

• Activates tyrosine kinase pathways

• Inhibits apoptosis

• Suppresses immune response

• Promotes cell differentiation

Answer explanation

The p210 BCR-ABL1 protein is a fusion protein that activates tyrosine kinase pathways, leading to increased cell proliferation and survival in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This is the primary mechanism of its oncogenic activity.