1. Hydrology and Fluvial Morphology

What are the main components of the hydrological cycle?

• Evaporation, condensation, precipitation

• Desalination, filtration, evaporation

• Photosynthesis, respiration, digestion

• Sublimation, deposition, filtration

Explain the process of evaporation in a drainage basin.

• Evaporation is the process of water moving from vapor to liquid in a drainage basin.

• Water in a drainage basin evaporates only during winter months.

• Evaporation in a drainage basin occurs only at night when temperatures drop.

• The process where water is converted from liquid to vapour

What is the difference between infiltration and percolation?

• Infiltration is the movement of water through the soil; percolation is the entry of water into the soil.

• Infiltration is the entry of water into the soil; percolation is the movement of water through the soil.

• Infiltration is the absorption of water by plants; percolation is the runoff of water from the surface.

• Infiltration refers to water evaporating from the soil; percolation is the condensation of water vapor.

Describe how precipitation acts as an input in a drainage basin.

• Precipitation provides water for the drainage basin through rainfall, snowmelt etc.

• Precipitation removes water from the drainage basin, decreasing flow.

• Precipitation is solely responsible for soil erosion in the drainage basin.

• Precipitation only occurs in the winter and has no impact on water levels.

What role does groundwater play in the hydrological cycle?

• Groundwater stores and regulates water flow in the hydrological cycle.

• Groundwater is a source of ocean water.

• Groundwater has no impact on surface water bodies.

• Groundwater evaporates directly into the atmosphere.

Define river discharge in a drainage basin.

• River discharge is the temperature of the water in a river.

• River discharge refers to the amount of sediment in a river.

• River discharge is the distance a river flows in a year.

• River discharge is the volume of water flowing through a river per unit time.

How does evapotranspiration affect water stores in a drainage basin?

• Evapotranspiration decreases water stores in a drainage basin.

• Evapotranspiration increases water stores in a drainage basin.

• Evapotranspiration has no effect on water stores in a drainage basin.

• Evapotranspiration only affects surface water, not groundwater in a drainage basin.

What is throughflow?

• Throughflow is the vertical movement of water through rock.

• Overland flow is the infiltration of water into the ground.

• Throughflow is the evaporation of water from soil.

• Throughflow is the downslope lateral movement of water through soil.

Explain the concept of channel storage in a drainage basin.

• Channel storage is the rate at which water flows out of a drainage basin.

• Channel storage refers to the amount of water evaporated from a drainage basin.

• Channel storage is the volume of water held in the channels of a drainage basin.

• Channel storage is the total area of land within a drainage basin.

How can a change in precipitation levels impact the entire hydrological system?

• Increased precipitation always leads to higher evaporation rates.

• A change in precipitation levels can disrupt the hydrological system by altering runoff, groundwater recharge, and evaporation, leading to flooding or drought.

• Higher precipitation guarantees a stable hydrological system.

• Changes in precipitation have no effect on groundwater levels.