Exploring Operating Systems and Databases

What are the primary functions of an operating system?

• The primary functions of an operating system include managing hardware resources, providing a user interface, facilitating file management, and enabling multitasking.

• Providing internet connectivity directly

• Storing data permanently on hardware

• Running applications without user input

Explain the concept of a relational database model.

• A relational database model is based on a hierarchical structure of data.

• A relational database model uses only one table to store all data.

• A relational database model does not allow for relationships between different data sets.

• A relational database model organizes data into tables with rows and columns, establishing relationships through foreign keys.

What are the different types of computer networks?

• Regional Area Network (RAN)

• Global Area Network (GAN)

• Interconnected Area Network (IAN)

• Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Personal Area Network (PAN), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Storage Area Network (SAN)

Describe the role of file management systems in an OS.

• File management systems organize, store, retrieve, and manage files in an operating system.

• File management systems primarily focus on user interface design.

• File management systems are responsible for network security.

• File management systems only handle hardware interactions.

What is database normalization and why is it important?

• Database normalization is important because it helps to eliminate data redundancy, ensures data integrity, and improves the efficiency of database operations.

• Database normalization slows down all database operations.

• Normalization is only necessary for small databases.

• Database normalization is a method to increase data redundancy.

How does virtual memory management work in an operating system?

• Virtual memory management allows an OS to use disk space as an extension of RAM, enabling larger applications to run by mapping virtual addresses to physical addresses.

• Virtual memory management restricts applications to a fixed amount of memory regardless of system resources.

• Virtual memory management only works with SSDs and not traditional hard drives.

• Virtual memory management eliminates the need for physical RAM entirely.

What is the difference between a primary key and a foreign key in a relational database?

• A primary key uniquely identifies records in a table, while a foreign key links records between tables.

• A primary key is always a string, while a foreign key is always an integer.

• A primary key can be duplicated across tables, while a foreign key cannot.

• A primary key is used for indexing, while a foreign key is used for sorting records.

List and explain the types of file systems used in operating systems.

• ZFS: A file system known for data integrity, but not commonly used in standard operating systems.

• exFAT: Primarily used for flash drives and not suitable for large files.

• 1. FAT32: Widely used for compatibility across different operating systems. 2. NTFS: Used by Windows, supports large files and advanced features like permissions. 3. ext4: Common in Linux, offers journaling and large file support. 4. HFS+: Used by older macOS systems, supports journaling. 5. APFS: The modern file system for macOS, optimized for SSDs and supports features like snapshots.

• UFS: A file system used in FreeBSD, not widely adopted in other OS.

What are the advantages of using a relational database over a flat file database?

• Relational databases are less secure than flat files

• Flat files provide better data integrity

• Easier data retrieval with flat files

• Advantages of using a relational database include data integrity, support for complex queries, normalization to reduce redundancy, ACID compliance for transactions, and enhanced scalability and security.

Define the term 'data redundancy' in the context of databases.

• Data redundancy is the organization of data into multiple tables for efficiency.

• Data redundancy is the process of compressing data in a database.

• Data redundancy refers to the elimination of duplicate data in a database.

• Data redundancy is the unnecessary duplication of data in a database.