Unit 2 Quiz Review

Which of the following statements about levels of biodiversity is correct?

• Genetic biodiversity is a measure of the total number of genes in a community.

• A narrow distribution of habitats leads to an increase in species diversity.

• Global hotspots are areas where species diversity is thriving due to habitat restoration.

• A population with high genetic biodiversity is better able to respond to environmental stressors.

Which of the following is most likely to be the direct result of lack of genetic diversity in a food crop such as corn?

• Decreased kernel size

• Decreased potential yield

• Decreased dependence on chemical fertilizers

• Increased susceptibility on plant disease

• Increased resistance to pests

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

• Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

• Timber and landscape materials

• Mushroom and plant harvests

• Soil stabilization and air purification

Which of the following would most likely result from the deforestation of large areas of tropical rain forests caused by slash-and-burn agriculture?

• Increased ozone thinning because of the release of CFCs

• Decreased acid rain because of the sequestration of SO2

• Increased global temperature because of the release of CO2

• Deceased evaporation because of the loss of the tree canopy

Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following is the most likely reason that an island in the ocean that is 5 kilometers from a continent would have a higher number of species than one that is 15 kilometers from a continent?

• There are more species that have the ability to travel 5 kilometers than can travel 15 kilometers.

• Islands that are closer to continents always have a wider range of habitats than more distant islands do.

• There are smaller populations of each species on islands that are at greater distances from continents.

• Islands that are closer to continents always have more ecological niches than more distant islands do.

The best explanation of why large islands contain more species is that

• they have more diverse habitats

• they are closer to the mainland

• they have fewer predators

• they have a larger area

A cultural ecosystem service of forests could be best described as

• harvesting timber to produce homes for humans

• scenic overlooks for hikers to enjoy

• water and air purification by trees and soil

• habitats for predators of agricultural pests

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

• After an environmental stress, a genetic bottleneck may occur, which will increase genetic diversity.

• Habitat diversity will increase the available niches if the landscape becomes more uniform after a disturbance.

• Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.

• Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant.

163 square-kilometer (km2) small island is found 2,000 km from the mainland. A second, larger, 230,000 km2 island is found 1,000 km from the mainland. Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following statements is most likely true about the small island when compared with the large island?

• The rate of immigration is lower for the small island than for the large island.

• The small island has niches that are more like the mainland than the large island.

• The small island has more available resources than the large island.

• The rate of species extinction is lower on the small island than on the large island.

Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem service?

• Pollination of crops

• Decomposition of waste

• Production of greenhouse gases

• Purification of water