SAT Grammar 2.1

To survive when water is scarce, embryos inside African turquoise killifish eggs ______ a dormant state known as diapause. In this state, embryonic development is paused for as long as two years—longer than the life span of an adult killifish. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• enter

• to enter

• having entered

• entering

Formed in 1967 to foster political and economic stability within the Asia-Pacific region, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was originally made up of five members: Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia. By the end of the 1990s, the organization ______ its initial membership. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• has doubled

• had doubled

• doubles

• will double

The intense pressure found in the deep ocean can affect the structure of proteins in fish’s cells, distorting the proteins’ shape. The chemical trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) counters this effect, ensuring that proteins retain their original ______ is found in high concentrations in the cells of the deepest-dwelling fish. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• configurations. TMAO

• configurations TMAO

• configurations, TMAO

• configurations and TMAO

In Death Valley National Park’s Racetrack Playa, a flat, dry lakebed, are 162 rocks—some weighing less than a pound but others almost 700 pounds—that move periodically from place to place, seemingly of their own volition. Racetrack-like trails in the ______ mysterious migration. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• playas sediment mark the rock’s

• playa’s sediment mark the rocks

• playa’s sediment mark the rocks’

• playas’ sediment mark the rocks’

In crafting her fantasy fiction, Nigerian-born British author Helen Oyeyemi has drawn inspiration from the classic nineteenth-century fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm. Her 2014 novel Boy, Snow, Bird, for instance, is a complex retelling of the story of Snow White, while her 2019 novel ______ offers a delicious twist on the classic tale of Hansel and Gretel. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

• Gingerbread—

• Gingerbread,

• Gingerbread

• Gingerbread: