Scientific Method and the Particle Nature of Matter 2425

How do you formulate a hypothesis?

• A hypothesis is a definitive conclusion about the outcome of an experiment.

• A hypothesis is a summary of previous research findings.

• A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between variables.

• A hypothesis is an untestable statement about a single variable.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

What is a variable in an experiment?

• A variable is a fixed element that does not change.

• A variable in an experiment is a factor that can change and affect the outcome.

• A variable is the final result of an experiment.

• A variable is a tool used to measure outcomes.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Explain the particle nature of matter.

• The particle nature of matter states that all matter is made up of small particles that are in constant motion and interact with each other.

• Matter is composed of energy waves that do not interact.

• Particles of matter are stationary and do not move.

• All matter is a single solid entity without internal structure.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Tom eats too many sweets. Eventually, Tom got a toothache. What is the independent variable?

• Tom

• toothache

• eating too many sweets

• sugar

What does the kinetic molecular theory state?

• Particles are stationary and do not move.

• Energy is unrelated to temperature.

• Matter is made up of solid objects only.

• Matter is composed of particles in constant motion, with energy related to temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

How does temperature affect the motion of particles?

• Higher temperatures slow down particle movement.

• Particles move faster at lower temperatures.

• Temperature affects particle motion by increasing kinetic energy and speed at higher temperatures, and decreasing them at lower temperatures.

• Temperature has no effect on particle motion.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

What is the role of observation in the scientific method?

• Observation is only useful for confirming existing theories.

• Observation is not necessary in the scientific method.

• Observation is primarily used for making predictions.

• Observation is essential for gathering data and forming hypotheses in the scientific method.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Why is it important to control variables in an experiment?

• To ensure all variables are tested equally.

• To increase the number of variables in the experiment.

• To make the experiment more complicated.

• It is important to control variables to ensure that the experiment tests only the effect of the independent variable.

Describe how solids, liquids, and gases differ in particle arrangement.

• Solids have tightly packed particles in a fixed arrangement, liquids have closely packed but mobile particles, and gases have widely spaced particles that move freely.

• Solids have particles that are loosely arranged and move freely.

• Gases have tightly packed particles in a rigid structure.

• Liquids have widely spaced particles that are fixed in place.

What is an independent variable?

• A variable that is not related to the experiment's outcome.

• A variable that remains constant throughout an experiment.

• An independent variable is a variable that is manipulated in an experiment.

• A variable that is observed and measured in an experiment.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-1