Crime and Deviance Functionalism

Which sociologist is most closely associated with the functionalist view of crime as a normal part of society?

• Howard Becker

• Émile Durkheim

• Albert Cohen

• Robert Merton

What does Durkheim mean by "anomie"?

• A set of cultural norms

• A breakdown of social norms and values

• A form of social control

• A criminal subculture

According to Merton's Strain Theory, what causes deviance?

• Lack of moral values

• Disjunction between cultural goals and means

• Biological factors

• Over-regulation by society

Which of the following adaptations in Merton's theory involves rejecting both societal goals and means?

• Innovation

• Ritualism

• Retreatism

• Rebellion

Cohen's concept of "status frustration" suggests that:

• Working-class youths may turn to delinquency to gain status.

• All youths are equally frustrated.

• Status is irrelevant in deviant behavior.

• Middle-class youths face more frustration.

What term describes a group with shared values that oppose mainstream culture?

• Subculture

• Counterculture

Miller's focal concerns primarily focus on:

• Middle-class aspirations

• Values of the lower class that lead to delinquency

• Global crime patterns

• Psychological factors in crime

Which of the following is NOT considered a focal concern in Miller's theory?

• Toughness

• Trouble

• Ambition

• Smartness

According to Becker's labeling theory, deviance is:

• An inherent trait

• A result of societal reaction

• Always harmful

• Universal across cultures

What is a "moral panic"?

• A normal reaction to crime

• An exaggerated public fear about a perceived threat

• A form of social control

• Acceptance of deviant behavior