Intermolecular Forces, intramolecular Forces and Metallic bonds

What are Dipole-Dipole Forces?

• Dipole-dipole forces are weak interactions between neutral atoms.
• Dipole-dipole forces occur only in ionic compounds.
• Dipole-dipole forces are repulsive forces between two nonpolar molecules.
• Dipole-dipole forces are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

What are Hydrogen Bonds?

• A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction occurring when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms (like N, O, or F).
• A weak interaction between hydrogen and carbon atoms.
• A type of bond formed only in water molecules.
• An ionic bond that occurs between hydrogen and metals.

What are London Dispersion Forces (Van der Waals Forces)

• London Dispersion Forces are weak attractions due to temporary dipoles created when electron distribution around a molecule changes

• London Dispersion Forces are the result of hydrogen bonding between molecules.
• London Dispersion Forces are strong ionic bonds between molecules.
• London Dispersion Forces are permanent dipoles in polar molecules.

What are Ion-Dipole Forces?

• Ion-dipole forces are repulsive interactions between two ions.
• Ion-dipole forces are attractive interactions between an ion and a polar molecule.
• Ion-dipole forces are interactions between two non-polar molecules.
• Ion-dipole forces occur only in non-polar molecules.

What are polar molecules?

• Molecules that are always nonpolar regardless of their structure.
• Molecules that do not interact with water.
• Molecules that have equal distribution of electron density.
• Polar molecules are molecules with an uneven distribution of electron density, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

What are Non-Polar Molecules?

• Molecules that have distinct positive and negative poles.
• Molecules that are always soluble in water.
• Molecules that have an uneven distribution of electrical charge.
• Non-polar molecules are molecules with an even distribution of electrical charge, lacking distinct positive and negative poles.

What are the characteristics of Polar Molecules?

• Even distribution of electrons
• Significant difference in electronegativity,Generally higher boiling point than nonpolar,Typically soluble in polar solvents, and stronger than non polar molecules.

• Similarity in electronegativity, generally a lower boiling point than polar, is typically insoluble in polar solvents, and weaker than polar molecules.

• Symmetrical shape with no dipole moment

What are the characteristics of Non-Polar Molecules?

• High solubility in water
• Similarity in electronegativity, generally a lower boiling point than polar, is typically insoluble in polar solvents, and weaker than polar molecules.

• Significant differences in electronegativities among atoms
• Significant difference in electronegativity,Generally higher boiling point than nonpolar,Typically soluble in polar solvents, and stronger than non polar molecules.

What are Diatomic Molecules?

• Molecules that consist of three atoms.
• Molecules that are made up of only one atom.
• Molecules that contain four or more atoms.
• Diatomic molecules are molecules consisting of two atoms.

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What kind of molecule is H2O?

• H2O is a polar molecule.
• H2O is a gas at room temperature.
• H2O is a solid at room temperature.
• H2O is a nonpolar molecule.

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