What are the three main types of carbonate constituents?

• Grains, matrix, and cement

• Skeletal, non-skeletal, and microbial

• Algae, foraminifera, and sponges

• Stromatolites, thrombolites, and leiolites

Which of the following is NOT a type of microbial carbonate?

• Stromatolites

• Thrombolites

• Leiolites

• Ooids

What event is associated with the rise of cyanobacteria?

• The Cambrian Explosion

• The Great Oxygenation Event

• The Permian Extinction

• The K-T Boundary Event

Which of these is NOT a growth form of microbial stromatolites?

• Laterally-linked hemispheroids

• Stacked hemispheroids

• Spheroids (oncoids)

• Columnar thrombolites

Where can present-day stromatolites be found?

• Shark Bay, Western Australia

• Great Barrier Reef, Australia

• Caribbean Sea

• Mediterranean Sea

What are oncoids?

• A type of foraminifera

• Sedimentary structures composed of concentric layers

• A type of coral

• Microscopic algae

Which of these is a characteristic of thrombolites?

• They have a layered structure

• They have a clotted fabric

• They only form in deep water

• They are always spherical

What are the two main categories of carbonate grains/particles?

• Skeletal and non-skeletal

• Organic and inorganic

• Microbial and non-microbial

• Calcareous and siliceous

Which of these is NOT an example of a skeletal particle?

• Coral fragments

• Foraminifera tests

• Ooids

• Brachiopod shells

What are the three main mineralogical compositions of skeletal particles?

• Aragonite, high-Mg calcite, and low-Mg calcite

• Calcite, dolomite, and aragonite

• Quartz, feldspar, and calcite

• Gypsum, anhydrite, and calcite