The Mughal Empire

How did the Mughal bureaucracy under Akbar help to create stability?

• By relying on hereditary privileges

• Through the mansabdari system based on merit

• By giving all power to local rulers

• By promoting only military leaders

What was a key feature of Akbar’s policies that contributed to stability in the Mughal Empire?

• Implementation of harsh religious laws

• Religious tolerance and inclusion of Hindus in government

• Complete exclusion of non-Muslims from administration

• Forced conversion of Hindus to Islam

How did Akbar’s abolition of the jizya tax contribute to stability in the Mughal Empire?

• It increased the empire’s wealth

• It reduced tensions between Muslims and Hindus

• It forced Hindus to convert to Islam

• It led to increased rebellion among Hindus

What role did the Rajputs play in contributing to the Mughal Empire’s stability during Akbar’s reign?

• They led multiple rebellions against the empire

• They were completely excluded from the empire’s affairs

• They held high-ranking positions in the Mughal military and government

• They refused to cooperate with the empire

How did the Mughal tax system under Akbar contribute to stability?

• It imposed heavy taxes on the rich

• It was based on the land's productivity, encouraging agricultural improvements

• It taxed only Hindu landowners

• It allowed local rulers to collect taxes as they wished

How did Mughal culture under Akbar’s reign help to foster unity?

• By imposing a single cultural standard across the empire

• By promoting Persian culture exclusively

• By blending Persian, Indian, and Central Asian influences

• By rejecting all foreign cultural influences

How did Aurangzeb’s religious policies contribute to instability in the Mughal Empire?

• By promoting religious tolerance

• By alienating the Hindu population through reimposing the jizya tax

• By abolishing the jizya tax for non-Muslims

• By including Hindus in government administration

What was a significant consequence of Aurangzeb’s military campaigns in southern India?

• The Mughal Empire became richer and more stable

• They drained the empire’s resources and overextended its capacity

• The campaigns strengthened the empire’s relationship with European powers

• The campaigns united the various regional kingdoms

How did European powers challenge the stability of the Mughal Empire by the late 17th century?

• By engaging in peaceful trade with the Mughal Empire

• By establishing trading posts and private armies that undermined Mughal authority

• By adopting Mughal administrative practices

• By respecting the empire’s territorial integrity

How did Aurangzeb’s policies toward the Rajputs differ from Akbar’s, contributing to instability?

• He excluded the Rajputs from government, unlike Akbar’s policy of inclusion

• He gave the Rajputs more power than Akbar did

• He relied heavily on Rajput support for military campaigns

• He ignored the Rajputs entirely during his reign