ICT Revision Quiz

What is hardware?

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Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices, that enable it to function. It contrasts with software, which consists of the programs and applications that run on the hardware.

Define software.

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Software is a collection of programs and data that instructs a computer on how to perform specific tasks. It includes applications, operating systems, and utilities that enable users to interact with hardware.

What is the function of the CPU?

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The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the primary component of a computer that performs calculations, executes instructions, and manages data flow. It acts as the brain of the computer, enabling all other hardware and software to function.

What are the main components of the CPU?

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The main components of the CPU include the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and registers. The ALU performs calculations, the CU directs operations, and registers store temporary data.

What is RAM and what is its function?

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RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that temporarily stores data and machine code currently being used. Its function is to provide quick read and write access to a storage medium, enhancing system performance.

What is ROM and how does it differ from RAM?

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ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile storage that retains data without power, while RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and loses data when power is off. ROM is used for firmware, whereas RAM is used for temporary data storage during operation.

What are input devices?

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Input devices are hardware components that allow users to provide data and control signals to a computer. Common examples include keyboards, mice, and scanners, which enable interaction with the system.

Give two examples of output devices.

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Two examples of output devices are a printer, which produces hard copies of documents, and a monitor, which displays visual output from a computer. Both are essential for interacting with digital information.

What is secondary storage?

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Secondary storage refers to non-volatile storage devices like hard drives and SSDs, used to store data permanently. Unlike primary storage (RAM), it retains data even when the power is off, making it essential for long-term data storage.

Define what a peripheral device is.

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A peripheral device is any external device connected to a computer that provides input, output, or storage functions, such as a keyboard, mouse, printer, or external hard drive.