Exploring Digestive Systems

What are the main organs involved in the human digestive system?

• Brain, skin, muscles

• Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.

• Spleen, gallbladder, bladder

• Heart, lungs, kidneys

Describe the role of saliva in the digestive process.

• Saliva breaks down proteins into amino acids.

• Saliva acts as a primary source of energy for the body.

• Saliva moistens food, begins carbohydrate digestion, neutralizes acids, and provides antibacterial protection.

• Saliva is primarily responsible for fat digestion.

What is the function of the stomach in digestion?

• The stomach absorbs nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

• The stomach stores food without any processing.

• The stomach mechanically and chemically digests food, turning it into chyme.

• The stomach produces bile for fat digestion.

Name the enzymes produced by the pancreas and their functions.

• Nuclease (nucleic acids)

• Cellulase (fiber)

• Amylase (carbohydrates), Lipase (fats), Proteases (proteins)

• Lactase (lactose)

How do bile salts aid in digestion?

• Bile salts break down proteins.

• Bile salts absorb carbohydrates.

• Bile salts aid in digestion by emulsifying fats.

• Bile salts neutralize stomach acid.

What is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the human body?

• stomach

• large intestine

• esophagus

• small intestine

Explain the process of absorption in the small intestine.

• Villi and microvilli are not involved in absorption.

• Nutrients are absorbed through the skin.

• Absorption in the small intestine involves the uptake of nutrients through the mucosa, facilitated by villi and microvilli, using various transport mechanisms.

• Absorption occurs only in the stomach.

What are villi and how do they assist in absorption?

• Villi are projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

• Villi are found in the stomach and help in digestion.

• Villi are large cells that store nutrients in the liver.

• Villi are responsible for producing digestive enzymes.

Identify two common digestive disorders and their symptoms.

• Diverticulitis and constipation issues

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

• Peptic Ulcer Disease and abdominal pain

• Celiac Disease and its gluten intolerance

What is lactose intolerance and how does it affect digestion?

• Lactose intolerance is a condition where the body produces too much lactase.

• Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest proteins in dairy products.

• Lactose intolerance is a rare genetic disorder that affects only infants.

• Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose due to insufficient lactase, affecting digestion by causing gastrointestinal discomfort.