Week 4

1. What do phrase structure rules help describe?

• • The meaning of words in a sentence.

• The structure and hierarchy of phrases in a sentence.

• The linear order of words in a sentence.

• The number of phrases in a sentence.

Which of the following is the correct structure of a noun phrase (NP) according to phrase structure rules?

• • NP → AdjP N

• • NP → (AdjP) (D)  N  (PP)

• • NP → (Det) N (PP)

• • NP → N (PP)

Phrase structure rules describe how phrases are built up from smaller components.

• True

• False

There are four different ways to draw a tree diagram.

• True

• False

The Bottom-Up method is mainly used by professionals.

• True

• False

Which of the words below is NOT a conjunction?

• or

• but

• and

• if

Which of the following best describes the structure of XP → Y Z?

• • XP is the label for the constituent, and Y Z are the elements that make up the constituent.

• • XP refers to the elements that make up the constituent, while Y Z is the label for the constituent.

• Y Z are the labels for the elements that make up the constituent XP.

• • XP and Y Z are both labels for different constituents.

Which is NOT a criterion to determine hierarchical structure in a phrase/clause?

• Morphology

• Labels (part of speech)

• Phrase structure rules

• Constituents

The head of a phrase is the word that gives the phrase its category.

• True

• False

What was a key point of contention in the debates between Noam Chomsky and biologists regarding language?

• • The effectiveness of computational models in explaining language.

• • The importance of syntax in understanding language acquisition.

• • The role of environmental factors in language development.

• • The biological basis of language as a unique human trait.