Which muscle fibers are recruited first during electrically induced muscle contractions (NMES)?

• Type I (Slow-twitch)

• Type IIa (Fast oxidative)

• Type IIx (Fast-twitch)

• Both Type I and Type II fibers simultaneously

When using NMES for muscle strengthening, what is the recommended target intensity?

• 10% of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC)

• 30% of MVC

• 50% or higher of MVC

• 90% of MVC

Which of the following is a key difference between NMES-induced and voluntary muscle contractions?

• Voluntary contractions activate fast-twitch fibers first.

• NMES-induced contractions have a smooth onset.

• NMES activates large fibers with low activation thresholds first.

• Voluntary contractions recruit superficial muscle fibers first.

What is the primary purpose of using sensory-level electrical stimulation in edema management?

• To induce muscle contraction for muscle pumping

• To directly stimulate nerve regeneration

• To decrease capillary permeability and fluid leakage

• To activate motor units in deep muscles

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of sensory habituation in reducing spasticity?

• Fatiguing the spastic muscle by continuous contractions

• Reducing the sensitivity of the nervous system to repeated sensory input

• Directly stimulating the spastic muscle to inhibit contraction

• Strengthening the antagonist muscle to reduce spasticity

When applying NMES for muscle strengthening, which of the following pulse durations is typically used?

• 10-50 µsec

• 100-200 µsec

• 200-400 µsec

• 500-1000 µsec

For a denervated muscle, which type of current and pulse duration is generally recommended?

• Biphasic current with 100 µsec pulse duration

• Monophasic current with 1-450 msec pulse duration

• Russian current with 50 Hz frequency

• High-frequency biphasic current with 20 msec pulse duration

Which mechanism is involved when NMES is used on the antagonist muscle to reduce spasticity in the spastic agonist muscle?

• Sensory habituation

• Reciprocal inhibition

• Direct muscle fatigue

• Renshaw cell activation

What is a recommended frequency for muscle strengthening using NMES?

• 1-10 Hz

• 20-50 Hz

• 80-100 Hz

• 120 Hz

Which of the following is a common precaution when using EMS on denervated muscles?

• Using high-frequency currents to ensure deep muscle activation

• Avoiding the use of long pulse durations

• Monitoring the skin closely to prevent burns due to higher currents

• Always starting with the highest amplitude for quicker results