Cellular structure and function

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

• A) Store genetic information

• B) Produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration

• C) Synthesize proteins

• D) Digest cellular waste

Answer explanation

Mitochondria produce energy by converting nutrients from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a series of biochemical reactions known as cellular respiration.

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Which part of the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?

• A) Golgi apparatus

• B) Nucleus

• C) Ribosomes

• D) Lysosome

Answer explanation

The ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, as they translate genetic information from messenger RNA (mRNA) to assemble amino acids into proteins.

Which of the following structures is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

• A) Mitochondria

• B) Ribosomes

• C) Chloroplast

• D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts are structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells, as they are responsible for photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy.

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Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

• • A) Ribosome

• • B) Golgi apparatus

• • C) Endoplasmic reticulum

• • D) Nucleus

Answer explanation

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles, ensuring they reach their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell.

_____ are responsible for breaking down cellular waste and recycling materials within the cell.

Answer explanation

Lysosomes are essential organelles that contain digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders within the cell. They play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health by recycling components, preventing the accumulation of harmful substances, and participating in processes like autophagy, where damaged organelles are removed and recycled.

The structure that is found in plant cells but not in animal cells is the __________.

Answer explanation

The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria that provides support, protection, and shapes the cell, helping maintain its integrity and resist internal turgor pressure, which is important for the overall stability of the plant.

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The __________ is the organelle responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

Answer explanation

Mitochondria are vital organelles known as the "powerhouses of the cell" because they generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through cellular respiration, supplying energy necessary for various cellular activities and processes critical for life.

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Describe the role of the cell membrane in cellular function.

Answer explanation

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, providing structural support and facilitating communication with the environment.

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How do ribosomes contribute to cellular processes?

Answer explanation

Ribosomes contribute to cellular processes by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins, which are essential for various cell functions.

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Draw an diagram of an animal cell. In the animal cell, include the three main organelles that are responsible for cellular respiration

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