Temperature and Thermal Energy (TEKS 7.8) Review

Which statement correctly describes convection?

• Thermal energy is transferred between objects in direct contact.

• Thermal energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves without involving particles.

• Thermal energy is transferred through movement of particles within a substance.

• Thermal energy is transferred between objects using magnetic attraction of particles and gravity.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-3

How was thermal energy transferred during each part of the beach trip? Circle THREE correct answers.

• Convection transferred energy in the ocean water.

• Conduction transferred energy from the warm sand to their feet.

• Convection transferred energy from the seat belt buckles to their hands.

• Radiation transferred energy from the sun to the air particles inside the car.

• Conduction transferred energy throughout the car when the air conditioning was on.

What is the role of radiation in this system?

• to transfer thermal energy to the firewood

• to transfer thermal energy to the students’ hands

• to transfer thermal energy from the firewood to the ground

• to push warm air from the heated rocks to the students

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

This question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B. Two students warm their hands by a campfire. Part B: Which statement explains your answer about radiation in Part A?

• A. The smoke from the burning wood transfers thermal energy in all directions.

• B. The fire gives off light and thermal energy, which travels in a straight line in all directions.

• C. The smoke from the fire heats the rocks, which then transfer thermal energy to the air.

• D. Thermal energy from the smoke, wood, and flames transfers to the air around the fire and then to the students.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Hot tea is poured into a room temperature cup and a lid is placed on top of the cup. Examine the system consisting of the tea, the cup, and the lid. How is thermal energy transferred in this system AND how can you explain what happens to the total energy of the system?

• Thermal energy is transferred from the tea to the cup and lid, and the total energy of the system decreases.

• Thermal energy is transferred from the cup and lid to the tea, and the total energy of the system increases.

• Thermal energy is transferred from the tea to the cup and lid, and the total energy of the system remains constant.

• Thermal energy is transferred from the cup and lid to the tea, and the total energy of the system remains constant.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

The pot with the bubbles has (a)   average kinetic energy of its molecules, and the pot without bubbles has (b)   average kinetic energy of its molecules. The temperature of the water in the pot with bubbles is at (c)   temperature than the pot without bubbles.

• Higher

• Lower

• Equal

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Hot soup is poured into a room-temperature bowl to model thermal energy transfer. Energy moves within the soup-bowl system. Which statement explains the flow of thermal energy in the system?

• Thermal energy flows from the higher-temperature soup to the bowl until the soup and bowl are the same temperature.

• Thermal energy flows from the lower-temperature bowl to the soup until the soup and bowl are the same temperature.

• Thermal energy continually flows from the soup to the bowl because the bowl is at a higher temperature than the soup.

• Thermal energy continually flows from the bowl to the soup because the bowl is at a higher temperature than the soup.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Armando wanted to design a food container that limits energy transfer so that the food inside it stays hot. He had the following materials: cardboard box, tin box, glass panes, plastic bags, aluminum foil, and small polystyrene foam cubes. He used the cardboard box, plastic bags filled with air, and small polystyrene foam cubes. He placed the foam cubes in the bottom of the cardboard box, placed the warm food on top of the cubes, and filled the box with plastic bags containing air and more foam cubes. Which statements correctly evaluate the design? Circle THREE correct answers.

• A. The tin box would be more effective at limiting thermal energy transfer.

• B. The cardboard box was a good choice because paper is a poor conductor of thermal energy.

• C. The foam cubes do not allow thermal energy to easily transfer out of the food and into the environment around the box.

• D. The plastic bags would have been better without air because air is a good conductor of thermal energy, so the food will cool quickly.

• E. The plastic bags with air are a better choice than aluminum foil because both plastic and air are not good at transferring thermal energy out of the system.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-1

NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Match the following types of heat transfer with their descriptions.

• Warm air rises and cool air sinks.

• Conduction

• Heat transfer through direct contact of particles.

• Convection

• Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

• Radiation

Answer explanation

Warm air rises and cool air sinks due to differences in temperature and density, which is a key characteristic of convection. This process involves the movement of fluid (air) and is distinct from conduction and radiation.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Warm air rises and the cool air sinks demonstrates this type of heat transfer.

• Conduction

• Convection

• Radiation

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6