GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND SENSORY PHYSIOLOGY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

• Autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
• Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• Cerebral nervous system and spinal nervous system
• Sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system

What is the central nervous system made up of?

• Cranial and spinal nerves.

• Sensory and motor neurons.

• The brain and spinal cord.
• Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves that branch out from the CNS (central nervous system) and connect to other body parts.

• Sympathetic Nervous System

• Autonomic Nervous System

• Parasympathetic Nervous System

• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls conscious activities

• Parasympathetic nervous system

• Somatic nervous system
• Autonomic nervous system
• Sympathetic nervous system

The _____ part of the autonomic nervous system is active during resting and digesting

• sympathetic
• peripheral
• parasympathetic
• somatic

Answer explanation

Parasympathetic – Produced the “rest & ruminate” response (normalizes body functions).

"rest & ruminate" response refers to the body's ability to conserve energy, promote relaxation, and support digestion and recovery during non-stressful periods. This response is essential for maintaining homeostasis and long-term health.

The​____part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response

• somatic
• peripheral

• sympathetic
• parasympathetic

Answer explanation

Sympathetic – Produces the “fight or flight” response (activities that increase energy consumption)

The fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs in response to a recognized harmful event, attack, or threat to survival. It prepares the body to either confront the danger ("fight") or flee / away from it ("flight").

What are the two types of cells found in the nervous system?

• Nerve cells and brain cells

• Sensory neurons and motor neurons

• Neurons and glial cells
• Afferent neurons and efferent neurons

Which best describes myelin?

• it is a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction

• it is a fat that speeds the message along the axon

• it is a protein that builds the axon

• 
  it is a fat that helps the neuron "hear" messages

Answer explanation

Myelin is a fatty substance that forms a protective sheath around the axons of many neurons in the nervous system.

The main function of myelin is to increase the speed at which these electrical impulses travel along the axon. It does this by insulating the axon and allowing the electrical signal to jump from one node (called the Node of Ranvier) to the next, rather than traveling continuously along the entire axon.

Brain is surrounded by three membranes called meninges. These three membranes are:

• dura mater

• pia mater

• subarachnoid mater

• arachnoid mater

Cranial nerves contains how many pairs?

• 31

• 12

• 15

• 5

Answer explanation

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves:

i.Olfactory – smell

ii.Optic - vision

iii.Oculomotor – eye movement & pupil reflex

iv.Trochlear – eye movement

v.Trigeminal – face sensation & chewing

vi.Abducens – eye movement

vii.Facial – face movement & taste

viii.Vestibulocochlear – hearing & balance

ix.Glossopharyngeal – throat sensation, taste & swallowing

x.Vagus – movement, sensation & abdominal organs

xi.Hypoglossal – tongue movement

xii.Cranial accessory – neck movement