Kamhi Midterm

What are three types of literacy knowledge that may be acquired during the emergent literacy period? 

• letter names

• sound-letter correspondences

• mathematical literacy

• alphabet

1. Why are children from low print homes at risk for learning to read?

• They have not had the same exposure, access to literacy books, and joint-book-reading experiences. Their exposure and development of phonological knowledge, semantic knowledge, and morphological knowledge are limited.

• They are not at risk.

• They have not had the same exposure, access to literacy books, and joint-book-reading experiences. However, development of phonological knowledge, semantic knowledge, and morphological knowledge are not limited.

• None of the above.

What achievement characterizes the orthographic stage?

• Picture words

• Sounding out words: requires knowledge of sound-letter correspondences

• 1. Sight word reading: using letter sequences/spelling patterns to visually recognize words without sounding them out (phonological decoding)

• Both A and C

T/F: Saying that word recognition is “word based” rather than “stage based” means the goal is to immediately recognize the sight-word with little to no phonological decoding rather than progressing through developmental stages of reading.

• True

• False

How do children read novel words differently from familiar words?

• Familiar words are often independent of phonological decoding. As word-specific orthographic information is learned, novel words are recognized by sight.

• Novel words are often dependent of phonological decoding such as sounding out the letters. As word-specific orthographic information is learned, novel words are recognized by sight.

• Novel words are often independent of phonological decoding. As word-specific orthographic information is learned, novel words are recognized by sight.

• Familiar words are often dependent of phonological decoding such as sounding out the letters. As word-specific orthographic information is learned, novel words are recognized by sight.

How do children teach themselves to read?

• By going to school

• By decoding unfamiliar words

• By building orthographic knowledge

• By enhancing memory

What is lexicalization?

• A complex of higher-level mental processes that include thinking, reasoning, imagining, and interpreting

• With print exposure, specific sequences of letters become associated with particular words.

• The appropriate grouping of words into phrases that are produced with correct intonation, stress, and pausing.

• None of the above

What is this an example of? If a child knows the word “found” he will be able to read the word “round” because he will know his initial sounds (/r/) and will recognize the familiar letter sequence (ound).

• Phoneme awareness

• Syntax

• morphology

• lexicalization

T/F: The procedural view of learning is an unconscious learning and processing of a wide range of perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills and tasks. It requires practice until the skill or task becomes automatic.

• True

• False

T/F: Learning to drive a car and learning to play a musical instrument are examples of procedural learning

• True

• False