Exploring Gravity and the Solar System

Explain how gravity influences the formation of planets in a solar system.

• Gravity causes planets to repel each other, leading to their formation.

• Gravity pulls together gas and dust, forming planets.

• Gravity has no role in the formation of planets.

• Gravity only affects the temperature of planets.

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

Which of the following best describes the difference between weight and mass?

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the gravitational pull on that object.

• Weight is the amount of matter in an object, while mass is the gravitational pull on that object.

• Mass and weight are the same and can be used interchangeably.

• Mass is measured in newtons, while weight is measured in kilograms.

Compare the gravitational force of the Sun with that of Earth. Which statement is true?

• The Sun's gravitational force is weaker than Earth's.

• The Sun's gravitational force is stronger than Earth's.

• The Sun and Earth have the same gravitational force.

• Gravitational force is not applicable to the Sun.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

How did the heliocentric model of the solar system change our understanding of planetary motion?

• It suggested that Earth is the center of the universe.

• It proposed that planets orbit the Sun, not Earth.

• It stated that the Sun orbits Earth.

• It claimed that planets do not move.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Plan a scientific investigation to demonstrate the effect of gravity on the motion of a planet in a solar system.

• Use a magnet to show how planets attract each other.

• Create a model using a central mass to represent the Sun and smaller masses to represent planets, observing their orbits.

• Drop a ball to show how gravity works on Earth.

• Use a fan to simulate wind affecting planetary motion.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Which historical model of the solar system placed Earth at the center?

• Heliocentric model

• Geocentric model

• Elliptical model

• Spiral model

What role does gravity play in determining the motion of stars within a galaxy?

• Gravity causes stars to move randomly.

• Gravity keeps stars in orbit around the center of the galaxy.

• Gravity has no effect on the motion of stars.

• Gravity only affects the temperature of stars.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

How does the distance from the Sun affect the temperature of planets in the solar system?

• The closer a planet is to the Sun, the colder it is.

• The closer a planet is to the Sun, the hotter it is.

• Distance from the Sun has no effect on a planet's temperature.

• All planets have the same temperature regardless of distance.

Differentiate between the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system.

• Both models place the Sun at the center.

• The geocentric model places Earth at the center, while the heliocentric model places the Sun at the center.

• The heliocentric model places Earth at the center, while the geocentric model places the Sun at the center.

• Both models place Earth at the center.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Explain how the gravitational force between two objects changes as the distance between them increases.

• The gravitational force increases as the distance increases.

• The gravitational force decreases as the distance increases.

• The gravitational force remains constant regardless of distance.

• The gravitational force becomes zero as the distance increases.