The Enlightenment in Europe

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?

• Humans are naturally kind and cooperative.

• Humans are naturally selfish and wicked.

• Humans are naturally rational and peaceful.

• Humans are naturally creative and innovative.

What did Hobbes believe was necessary to keep citizens under control?

• A strong ruler with total power

• A democratic election

• A fair legal system

• A strong military

What did Montesquieu's ideas about separation of powers become the basis for?

• The French Revolution

• The United States Constitution

• The Magna Carta

• The Declaration of Independence

What did Montesquieu conclude about Rome's collapse?

• It was due to economic failure

• It was due to military defeat

• It was directly related to the loss of political liberties

• It was due to natural disasters

What did Rousseau believe was necessary for a good government?

• A) A monarchy

• B) A dictatorship

• C) A direct democracy

• D) An oligarchy

What impact did Montesquieu have on government systems?

• A) Promoted religious freedom

• B) Advocated for women's rights

• C) Introduced separation of powers

• D) Supported abolishment of torture

What did wealthy women in Paris and other European cities help spread?

• Military strategies

• Enlightenment ideas

• Religious doctrines

• Political propaganda

What did Mary Wollstonecraft's experiences help her write about?

• The importance of religion

• The need for military power

• Women's rights and education

• The role of art in society

What did Voltaire and other critics attack?

• The beliefs and practices of organized Christianity

• The scientific method

• The power of aristocrats

• The economic system

What did the philosophers emphasize about the individual?

• Their dependence on the church

• Their ability to promote their welfare

• Their need for guidance

• Their reliance on tradition