What is a process in the context of an operating system?

• A user interface element

• A program in execution

• A static program file

• A type of hardware

Which of the following states indicates that a process is waiting for an event to occur?

• New

• Waiting

• Terminated

• Running

What does the Process Control Block (PCB) contain?

• Information associated with each process

• User interface details

• Network configurations

• File system data

What is the role of the long-term scheduler?

• Controls the degree of multiprogramming

• Selects which process should be executed next

• Handles memory allocation

• Manages I/O operations

In which scenario does a context switch occur?

• When a process is terminated

• When a process is created

• When the CPU switches from one process to another

• When a process is waiting for I/O

What is the purpose of interprocess communication (IPC)?

• To manage memory allocation

• To allow processes to communicate and synchronize actions

• To execute processes in parallel

• To enhance user interface responsiveness

Which of the following is a model of IPC?

• Database management

• Network protocols

• Shared memory

• File system

What is a producer-consumer problem?

• A situation where one process produces data and another consumes it

• A method for managing memory allocation

• A scenario where processes compete for CPU time

• A technique for scheduling processes

What does a blocking send operation do in message passing?

• Allows multiple messages to be sent simultaneously

• Sends a message without waiting

• Sends a message and terminates the process

• Blocks the sender until the message is received

What is the main advantage of using named pipes over ordinary pipes?

• They are easier to implement

• They allow bidirectional communication

• They require a parent-child relationship

• They are unidirectional