Cell Structure and Biochemistry review (B.5ABCD)

Relate the functions of different types of biomolecules to the structure and function of a cell.

• nucleic acids

• Control what enters and exits the cell; act as channels and pumps to facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane; catalyze chemical reactions as enzymes; and regulate cellular processes.

• lipids

• Store and transmit genetic information (DNA and RNA)

• proteins

• Energy source for cells; structural support in plant cell walls (cellulose); cell recognition markers on the cell membrane, attached to proteins and lipids, essential for cell-cell communication.

• carbohydrates

• Form the cell membrane as a bilayer creating a barrier between the cell interior and the environment; energy storage in the body

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Match the biomolecules with its type -

• nucleic acids

• Sugars & starches

• carbohydrates

• DNA and RNA (vegetables)

• lipids

• Fats, Oils, Waxes

• proteins

• Meats, Eggs, Nuts

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-7

Relate the functions of different types of biomolecules to the structure and function of the cell membrane.

• B

• Carbohydrate cell recognition marker

• C

• Transport protein channel or pump

• A

• Fatty acid hydrophobic 'tail'

• D

• Phosphate-Glycerol hydrophilic 'head'

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Groups:

(a) Prokaryotic cell

,

(b) Eukaryotic cell

,

(c) Prokaryotes AND Eukaryotes

• Do not have a NUCLEUS

• Can be unicellular

• Have RIBOSOMES

• Have DNA

• All have a CELL WALL

• Simple and small

• DNA is double-stranded and forms chromosomes

• Do not have membrane-bound ORGANELLES

• Examples; Bacteria

• Have membrane-bound ORGANELLES

• Plants only have a CELL WALL

• DNA is single-stranded and circular

• Have a CELL MEMBRANE

• Bigger and more complex

• Have a NUCLEUS

• Contain all biomolecules: Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids

• Examples include; animals, plants, fungi & protists

• Can be multicellular organisms

Compare and contrast animal and plant cells.

Groups:

(a) Plant cell

,

(b) Animal cell

,

(c) animal AND plant cells

• Have MITOCHONDRIA

• Have a CELL MEMBRANE

• Have CYTOPLASM

• Has CHLOROPLASTS

• Has CENTRIOLES

• Contain all biomolecules: Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids

• Has a CELL WALL

• Have a NUCLEUS

• Has ER & Golgi apparatus

• Has small VACUOLES

• Has a single large VACUOLE

• Have RIBOSOMES

• Has LYSOSOMES

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Match the cell organelle with its function.

• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Controls cell activities; contains genetic material

• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Synthesizes proteins; transports materials inside the cell

• Golgi Body

• Synthesizes lipids; transports materials inside the cell

• Cell membrane

• Changes, packages and ships proteins outside the cell

• Nucleus

• Regulates what enters or exits the cell; maintains homeostasis; protects and supports the cell.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Match the cell organelle with its function.

• Ribosomes

• Gel-like fluid that contains all organelles

• Vacuole

• Synthesize proteins

• Chloroplasts

• Make glucose energy. Site of photosynthesis.

  Only in plant cells.

• Cytoplasm

• Provides support and protection for cells.

  Plant cells, fungi & bacteria only.

• Cell Wall

• Stores food, water, minerals and waste materials; maintains turgor pressure in plant cells

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Match the cell organelle with its function.

• Mitochondria

• Filled with enzymes, digest cell waste.

  Mostly in animal cells.

• Lysosomes

• Make ATP energy from sugars, needed for the cell. Site of cellular respiration.

• Centrioles

• Organizes cell division

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Investigate homeostasis through the cellular transport of molecules. 

• EXOCYTOSIS

  (active)

• Molecules move through transport proteins from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

• ENDOCYTOSIS

  (active)

• Large molecules are in a vesicle in the cell, which fuses with the cell membrane to expel the molecule OUT of the cell.

• Simple DIFFUSION

  (passive)

• Large molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane and taken IN to the cell forming a vesicle inside the cell.

• Facilitated DIFFUSION

  (passive)

• Molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

• OSMOSIS

  (passive)

• Water molecules move through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Investigate homeostasis through the cellular transport of molecules. 

• SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP

  (active)

• Allowing certain substances to pass through but not others.

• PASSIVE TRANSPORT

• A carrier protein that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell using ATP energy.

• ACTIVE TRANSPORT

• An (ATP) energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules across cells.

• SEMI-PERMEABLE

• A type of membrane transport that does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3