Psychology Learning Theories Quiz

What is classical conditioning?

• A type of learning that occurs through insight and problem-solving

• A type of learning that involves observing and imitating others

• A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli

• A type of learning where behavior is strengthened by reinforcement

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

• A stimulus that is used to reinforce behavior

• A stimulus that becomes associated with a conditioned response

• A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response

• A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning

What is the Law of Effect?

• Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely

• Behaviors that are observed and imitated become more likely

• Behaviors that are punished become more likely

• Behaviors that are reinforced intermittently become more likely

What is positive reinforcement?

• Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli

• Increasing behaviors by adding a positive stimulus

• Decreasing behaviors by removing a positive stimulus

• Decreasing behaviors by adding a negative stimulus

What is stimulus generalization?

• Reinforcing a response at unpredictable time intervals

• Differentiating between two similar stimuli

• Responding to a stimulus similar to the original conditioned stimulus

• Reinforcing a response only after a specified number of responses

What is shaping in operant conditioning?

• A procedure where reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of the desired behavior

• A procedure where behaviors are learned by observing and imitating others

• A procedure where a stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus

• A procedure where a behavior is repeated due to superstitious beliefs

What is learned helplessness?

• The tendency to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement

• The hopelessness and passive resignation learned when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

• The process of mentally working through a problem until a solution occurs

• The learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

What is a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement?

• Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

• Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses

• Reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

• Reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed

What is vicarious conditioning?

• Learning to engage in a behavior after seeing others being rewarded or punished for it

• Learning that occurs through insight and problem-solving

• Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it

• Learning that involves creating a mental representation of the environment

What is instinctive drift?

• The tendency to learn behaviors by observing and imitating others

• The tendency to differentiate between two similar stimuli

• The tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement

• The tendency to respond to a stimulus similar to the original conditioned stimulus