Cell Signaling Quiz

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the signaling pathway?

• Reception → Response → Transduction

• Transduction → Reception → Response

• Reception → Transduction → Response

• Transduction → Response → Reception

Which molecule acts as a second messenger in many signal transduction pathways?

• ATP

• cAMP

• Glucose

• RNA

Ligand-gated ion channels are involved in which type of signaling?

• Paracrine signaling

• Synaptic signaling

• Endocrine signaling

• Autocrine signaling

Which type of receptor is typically associated with G-protein signaling?

• Tyrosine kinase receptors

• Ion channel receptors

• G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)

• Steroid hormone receptors

What is the main function of a kinase in a signaling pathway?

• To degrade proteins

• To add phosphate groups to proteins

• To remove phosphate groups from proteins

• To bind hormones

Which of the following best describes paracrine signaling?

• Signaling molecules travel long distances through the bloodstream.

• Signaling molecules act on nearby cells.

• Signaling molecules act on the same cell that released them.

• Signaling molecules are bound to the surface of the signaling cell.

In the context of cell signaling, what is the role of a ligand?

• It binds to a receptor to activate the signaling pathway.

• It degrades intracellular molecules.

• It carries the signal inside the nucleus.

• It functions as a secondary messenger.

Which of the following statements is true about steroid hormones?

• They bind to receptors on the cell surface.

• They directly activate second messenger pathways.

• They bind to intracellular receptors and affect gene expression.

• They are water-soluble and circulate freely in the bloodstream.

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down cAMP in a signaling pathway?

• Adenylate cyclase

• Phosphodiesterase

• Kinase

• Phosphatase

What type of signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to reach distant target cells?

• Autocrine signaling

• Paracrine signaling

• Endocrine signaling

• Juxtacrine signaling