Y10 - Test - IGCSE Sociology

Which of the following best describes the positivist approach to sociology?

• Focuses on subjectivemeanings

• Emphasizes understanding individual experiences

• Uses quantitative data to study large-scale social structures

• Prefers qualitative data over numerical data

According to Emile Durkheim, what are 'social facts'?

• Individual interpretations of society

• External and measurable phenomena that influence individuals

• Personal beliefs about social norms

• Statistical errors in sociological research

What is the primary focus of the macro approach in sociology?

• Individual behavior

• Small-scale group dynamics

• Large-scale social institutions

• Personal experiences

Which of the following is an example of quantitative data preferred by positivists?

• Transcripts from interviews

• A detailed case study

• Survey results showing crime rates

• Observations of social interactions

What is the key difference between causation and correlation in sociological research?

• Causation refers to two variables influencing each other, while correlation does not

• Correlation directly explains why one variable changes, but causation cannot

• Causation implies a direct influence, whereas correlation suggests variables change together without direct influence

• Causation only applies to qualitative data

What type of data do positivists prefer when studying social phenomena?

• Qualitative data

• Anecdotal evidence

• Quantitative data

• Case studies

In the positivist approach, reliability in research refers to:

• Research findings being subjective

• Findings being reproducible and consistent

• Using multiple research methods in one study

• Ensuring the research reflects participants' personal views

What does the interpretivist approach prioritize in sociological research?

• Macro-level analysis of society

• Quantitative data

• Objectivity and large-scale data

• Understanding individual meanings and motivations

Which term is associated with the interpretivist approach, meaning 'to understand' in an empathetic way?

• Positivism

• Verstehen

• Social facts

• Empiricism

A positivist would most likely use which of the following methods to research ageism in the workforce?

• In-depth interviews with elderly employees

• Participant observation in workplaces

• Statistical analysis of filed complaints

• Case studies of age-related discrimination